COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�S-2
Before the Board of Supervisors in and for the
County of Monterey, State of California
Receives the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties
Homeless Census and Survey Comprehensive Report
Upon motion of Supervisor Calcagno seconded by Supervisor Salinas, and carried by those
members present, effective June 28,_2011, the Board hereby:
Received the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Comprehensive Report
I, Gail T. Borkowski, Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of the County of Monterey, State of California,
hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of an original order of said Board of Supervisors duly
made and entered in the minutes thereof of Minute Book 75 for the meeting on June 28 2011.
Dated: June 29, 2011 Gail T. Borkowski, Clerk of the Board of Supervisors
County of Monterey, State of California
By
Deputy
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties
CENSUS & SURVEY
COMPREHENSIVE REPORT
HOMELE
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Acknowledgements 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
ii Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Acknowledgments
The considerable talents and efforts of many individuals helped to assure the success of this endeavor.
Monterey County, San Benito County, The United Way and Applied Survey Research ASR) would like
to thank the donors and sponsors of this project and the many service providers who assisted in the
administration of surveys, facilitated the process of homeless peer enumeration by recruiting census
workers, and opened the doors of their facilities to host training sessions, deploy census workers, or
distribute surveys. Monterey County, San Benito County, The United Way and ASR would also like to
thank the hundreds of community volunteers who participated in the 2011 Monterey and San Benito
Counties Homeless Census and Survey efforts. Finally, all parties would like to thank the homeless
census and survey workers, as well as the survey respondents, whose efforts are reflected throughout the
findings of this report.
Project Donors and Sponsors
Coalition of Homeless Service Monterey County Dept of Social San Benito County
Providers and Employment Services and United Way Monterey County
Behavioral Health Department
Project Committee
Members: Salvation Army, Monterey Community Advisors
Central Coast HIV/AIDS Services Shelter Outreach Plus City of Marina
CCHAS) Sun Street Centers City of Salinas
Community Human Services Veterans Transition Center Monterey County, Dept. of Social
CHS) of Monterey and Employment Services
Franciscan Workers Dorothy's YWCA Monterey County Community Action Partnership
Place Monterey County Office of
Housing Authority of the County of Associate Members: Education
Monterey HACM) Food Bank of Monterey County Sand City
Interim, Inc. Housing Resource Center U.S. Department of Veterans
Peninsula Corps Affairs
Applied Survey Research
Project Director
Peter Connery, Vice President
Analysts and Researchers
Susan Brutschy, President Laura Connery Michelle Luedtke
Shary Carvalho Natalie Dalton Javier Salcedo
James Connery Samantha Green Joanne Sanchez
John Connery Ken Ithiphol Deanna Zachary
Applied Survey Research, 2011 iii
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Acknowledgements 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Training Centers, Deployment Sites, and Survey Distribution Centers
City Hall Rotunda Martinez Hall Salvation Army
Salinas Marina Seaside
First United Methodist Church Oldemeyer Center
Salinas Seaside
iv Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Table of Contents
Acknowledgements iii
Training Centers, Deployment Sites, and Survey Distribution Centers iv
Introduction 9
Federal Definition of Homelessness 10
Project Purpose and Goals 10
Monterey County Executive Summary 12
Monterey County Homeless Census Findings 18
The Point-in-Time Count in Monterey County 18
Monterey County Jurisdictional Data 22
Total Number of Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Persons, by Jurisdiction 22
Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 27
Demographics 27
Age 27
Race/Ethnicity 27
Residency Prior to Experiencing Homelessness 28
County Residency 28
Previous Living Arrangements 29
Current Living Situation 30
Usual Nighttime Accommodations 30
Obstacles to Obtaining Permanent Housing 31
Duration and Reoccurrences of Homelessness 32
Duration of Homelessness 32
Occurrence of Homelessness 33
Primary Causes of Homelessness 34
Employment and Income 35
Employment Status 35
Income from Government Sources 37
Income from Private Sources 37
Other Sources of Income 38
Access to Government Assistance and Homeless Programs 38
Government Assistance 38
Services and Programs 40
Medical Care and Health Conditions 41
Access to Medical Care 41
Need for Medical Services 42
Chronic Health Problems 43
Disabling Conditions 44
Mental Health 45
Mental Health Services 46
HIV/AIDS 46
Physical and Developmental Disabilities 47
Substance Abuse 47
Domestic/Partner Violence or Abuse 48
Applied Survey Research, 2011 v
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Table of Contents 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Incarceration 48
Transition from Jail or Prison 48
Nights in Jail or Prison 48
Probation or Parole 49
Tickets 49
Foster Care 50
Transition from Foster Care 50
Monterey County Homeless Subpopulations 51
Chronic Homelessness 51
Veterans 53
Number of Sheltered and Unsheltered Homeless Veterans 53
Demographics of Homeless Veterans 53
Homeless Families 55
Number of Homeless Families 56
Demographics of Homeless Families 56
Primary Cause of Homelessness for Homeless Families with Children 56
Government Assistance for Homeless Families with Children 56
Usual Sleeping Places of Homeless Individuals with Children 56
Child Education 57
Children living in Foster Care or with Other Family Members 58
Unaccompanied Homeless Children and Youth 58
Number and Characteristics 59
Demographics 59
Education and School Enrollment 59
County of Residency 60
Usual Sleeping Places 60
Primary Cause of Homelessness 61
Utilization of Government and Social Assistance 61
Social Support Networks 61
Physical Health and Wellbeing 62
Mental Health and Wellbeing 62
Experiences with Violence 62
Drug and Alcohol Abuse 62
San Benito County Executive Summary 63
Conclusion 67
Appendix I: Homeless Census and Survey Methodology 68
Appendix II: Census Instruments 75
Appendix III: Survey Instrument 78
Appendix IV: Overall survey results Monterey County) 83
Appendix V: Overall survey results San Benito County) 98
Appendix VI: Definitions and Abbreviations 115
vi Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Table of Figures
Figure 1: Monterey County 2011 Homeless Census Results 19
Figure 2: Total Number of Homeless Individuals Enumerated During the Monterey County 2011 Point-in-Time Homeless
Census with Comparison Data from 2007 and 2009 19
Figure 3: Number of Sheltered and Unsheltered Adult Homeless Men and Women, Youth, and Other Adults of Undetermined
Gender in Monterey County 20
Figure 4: Monterey County Homeless Census Population, 2009-2011 Comparison 21
Figure 5: Total Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Census Population by Jurisdiction and Family Status 22
Figure 6: Unsheltered Homeless Census Population by Jurisdiction and Family Status 23
Figure 7: Sheltered Homeless Census Population by Jurisdiction and Family Status 24
Figure 8: Survey Respondents by Age 27
Figure 9: Respondents by Race/Ethnicity Top 4 Ethnicities) 28
Figure 10: Where Respondents Were Living at the Time They Most Recently Became Homeless 29
Figure 11: Of Respondents Who Were Living in Monterey County When They Most Recently Became Homeless, Length of
Time Respondents Lived in the County Prior to Becoming Homeless 29
Figure 12: Living Arrangements Immediately Prior to Becoming Homeless This Time Top 5 Responses in 2011) 29
Figure 13: Where Respondents Usually Stay At Night 2007, 2009 and 2011) 31
Figure 14: Circumstances That Were Preventing Respondents From Securing Permanent Housing Top 5 Responses in 2011)32
Figure 15: Length of Time Since Last Permanent Housing Situation 33
Figure 16: Is This the First Time You Have Been Homeless? 33
Figure 17: Number of Times Respondents Had Been Homeless in the Last Three Years, Including This Time 34
Figure 18: Primary Event or Condition That Led to Respondents' Current Episode of Homelessness Top 5 Responses in 2011)35
Figure 19: Employment Status of Respondents 36
Figure 20: Length of Unemployment for Respondents 36
Figure 21: Respondents' Barriers to Getting Employment Top 5 Responses in 2011) 37
Figure 22: Total Gross) Monthly Income from All Government Benefits 37
Figure 23: Respondents' Sources of Private Income Top 5 Responses) 38
Figure 24: Of Those Receiving Some Form of Government Assistance, Types of Assistance Received Top 5 Responses in
2011) 39
Figure 25: Reasons for Not Receiving Government Assistance Top 5 Responses in 2011) 39
Figure 26: Of Those Using Any Services or Assistance, Types of Services or Assistance Used Top 5 Responses in 2011) 41
Figure 27: Have You Needed Health Care and Been Unable to Receive It Since Becoming Homeless This Last Time? 41
Figure 28: Respondents' Need for Medical Services 2009 and 2011) 42
Figure 29: Number of Times Respondents Had Used the Emergency Room For Any Treatment in the Year Prior to the Survey43
Figure 30: Are You Currently Experiencing Chronic Health Problems? 44
Figure 31: Number of Disabling Conditions Among All Homeless Respondents 45
Figure 32: Percentage of Respondents Who Were Currently Experiencing Mental Illness and Depression 45
Figure 33: Percentage of Respondents Who Were Currently Experiencing a Physical or Developmental Disability 47
Figure 34: Percentage of Respondents Who Were Currently Experiencing Alcohol or Drug Abuse 47
Figure 35: Respondents Who Were Experiencing Domestic/Partner Violence or Abuse By Gender) 48
Applied Survey Research, 2011 vii
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2 u�Table of Figures 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Figure 36: Number of Nights Respondents Reported Spending in Jail/Prison in the Year Prior to the Survey 49
Figure 37: Number of Tickets Received by Respondents 2011) 50
Figure 38: Chronically Homeless Population by Gender, 2011 52
Figure 39: Percentage of Homeless Veteran Respondents Who Were Experiencing the Following Disabling Conditions 2011)54
Figure 40: Primary Causes of Homelessness, Veteran and Non-Veteran Comparison 2011) 54
Figure 41: Are Your School-Aged Children Who Are Living With You) in School? 57
Figure 42: Where Do You Usually Stay at Night? Homeless Children and Youth, 2011) 61
viii Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2
u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Introduction
Close to two million Americans experience homelessness each year.' For most, this is caused by the gap
between their income and the cost of housing. Yet for many, health conditions, mental health, substance
abuse, trauma, and lack of support prevent them from obtaining permanent housing.
Every two years in January, communities across the country conduct comprehensive counts of their
homeless population, in order to gain a better understanding of the current homeless population, and to
apply for federal funding for homeless programs. Monterey County and San Benito County have worked
in conjunction with Applied Survey Research ASR) to conduct the 2011 Monterey and San Benito
Counties Homeless Census and Survey for adults, families and unaccompanied children. ASR is a non-
profit social research firm based in Santa Cruz County, California, with extensive experience in homeless
enumeration and research.
The 2011 Monterey County and San Benito County Point-in-Time Counts were a community-wide effort,
simultaneously conducted January 26, 2011. The count and subsequent surveys provide information about
the homeless population that is critical to program and service planning, helps to inform the allocation of
resources for services to help the homeless, and offers a means of measuring the impact of homeless
programs and services.
All jurisdictions receiving federal funding to provide housing and services for the homeless through the
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Grant are required by the U.S Department of Housing and Urban
Development HUD) to conduct a biennial Point-in-Time count of unsheltered and sheltered homeless
persons sometime during the last ten days of January. Currently, Monterey County receives over 1.7
million dollars in Homeless Assistance Grant money. This is a critical source of funding for homeless
services. San Benito County is not currently receiving McKinney-Vento funding, this year's census and
survey were part of the County's efforts to establish themselves as part of the Monterey Continuum of
Care.
According to HUD, the Point-in-Time count must include all unsheltered homeless persons and sheltered
homeless persons staying in emergency shelters and transitional housing programs on the date of the
count. Jurisdictions report the findings of their Point-in-Time count in their annual application to HUD for
federal funding to provide housing and services for the homeless. The compilation of data collected
through Point-in-Time counts across the United States helps the federal government to better understand
the nature and extent of homelessness nationwide.
The Homeless Census had two components: a Point-in-Time enumeration of unsheltered homeless
individuals and families those sleeping outdoors, on the street, in parks, or vehicles, etc.) and a Point-in-
Time enumeration of homeless individuals and families who have temporary shelter those staying in an
emergency shelter, transitional housing, or using motel vouchers). The entire region was canvassed over a
period of 24 hours. There were four deployment locations based in Hollister, Salinas, San Juan Bautista,
and Seaside. The count was conducted by teams of trained homeless workers and community volunteers.
This unsheltered homeless enumeration methodology, developed by ASR in 2001, has been highlighted
by the HUD's in the 2008 Guide to Counting Unsheltered Homeless People.
The unsheltered street enumeration was divided into two separate counts: a primary count of homeless
individuals and families and a secondary count which focused on unaccompanied children and youth
The United States Interagency Council on Homelessness 2010). Opening doors: federal strategic plan to prevent and end
homelessness. Washington, DC.
Applied Survey Research, 2011
9
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u�Introduction 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
children without a guardian and under the age of 25). The primary count took place during the early
morning of January 26. The unaccompanied children and youth count took place in the afternoon of
January 26, 2011, from approximately 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm, when children and youth were more likely to
be visible in the community.
In order to capture the number of homeless individuals and families staying in shelters and transitional
housing programs, shelter providers in the counties completed an online survey of homeless individuals
and families who occupied their facility on the night of January 25, 2011.
In addition to the countywide homeless census, an in-depth 34 question survey was administered in the weeks
following the street count to 553 sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals in Monterey County, and 42
sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals in San Benito County. The survey was designed to yield
qualitative data about the adult homeless population in Monterey and San Benito Counties. Unaccompanied
homeless children and youth in Monterey County took the adult survey, and also answered an additional
survey that asked specifically about their circumstances as unaccompanied children and youth. A total of 51
unaccompanied homeless children and youth ages 24 and under) answered the survey.
This report provides data on the overall homeless population in each county and brings special attention
to specific subpopulations including chronically homeless, veterans, and unaccompanied children and
youth. These groups have been identified by the federal government as populations of particular interest
in the 2011 Point-in-Time counts.
Federal Definition of Homelessness
In this study, HUD's definition of homelessness was used:2
An individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, and
An individual who has a primary nighttime residence that is:
A supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living
accommodations including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing
for the mentally ill), or
An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be
institutionalized, or
A public or private place not designated for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping
accommodation for human beings.
Certain homeless individuals are excluded from this definition, including: unsheltered homeless
individuals who were doubled-up" in the homes of family or friends; and sheltered homeless individuals
in jails, hospitals, and rehabilitation facilities. However, where these data are available, we have included
them in this report.
Project Purpose and Goals
The 2011 Monterey County and San Benito County Homeless Census and Survey Project Committee
identified several important project goals:
2 Title 42, Chapter 119, Subchapter I, 10302(a) of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations based on the McKinney-Vento
Homeless Assistance Act.
10 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Introduction
To preserve current federal funding for homeless services and to enhance the ability to raise new
funds.
To improve the ability of policy makers and service providers to plan and implement services that
meet the needs of the local homeless population.
To measure changes in the numbers and characteristics of the homeless population since the 2009
Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey, and to track progress toward ending
homelessness.
To increase public awareness of overall homeless issues and generate support for constructive
solutions.
To assess the status of chronically homeless, homeless veterans, homeless families, and
unaccompanied homeless children without a guardian and under the age of 18).
The data presented in this report provide an updated view of the homeless in Monterey County,
comparisons to the Monterey Homeless Survey results from 2009 are presented where possible and
applicable. This is the first homeless census conducted in San Benito County, the data is presented
alongside an explanation of current homeless services and community challenges.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 11
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2
u�2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey
Close to two million Americans experience homelessness each year.' For most, this is caused by the gap
between income and the cost of housing. Yet for many, health conditions, mental health, substance abuse,
trauma, and lack of support prevent them from obtaining permanent housing. Every other January, counties
across the country conduct comprehensive counts of their homeless population, in order to gain a better
understanding of the current homelessness in their community, and to apply for federal funding for homeless
programs. Monterey County worked in conjunction with Applied Survey Research ASR) to conduct the
2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey for adults, families and unaccompanied children. This
report places special attention on particular homeless subpopulations that have been identified by the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development HUD). These populations include chronically homeless,
veterans, families, and unaccompanied youth.
The 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census was performed using HUD's recommended practices
for counting homeless individuals. This study included a comprehensive field enumeration of homeless
individuals residing in Monterey County on January 26, 2011. In order to generate detailed profiles of
homeless individuals in Monterey County 553 surveys of homeless individuals were conducted in the weeks
following the census. Data from this representative survey sample revealed more detailed information
about the population. The research design relied on self-described and self-defined responses, which is an
approved method in homeless research due to the limitations in connecting homeless individuals to their
clinical profiles.
There were more individuals counted in the
2011 Homeless Census than in 2009.
2,507 homeless individuals were counted
during the 2011 point-in-time count.'
It is estimated that 3,472 persons
experience homelessness annually in
Monterey County.
Based on the 2007-2009 American
Community Survey population profile,
this annual estimate of homelessness
represented approximately 1% of
Monterey County's total population of
406,049 people.;
The majority of homeless individuals in
Monterey County were white, males between
the ages of 30 and 50.
1. An individual who lacks a fixed,
regular, and adequate nighttime
residence, and
2. An individual who has a primary
nighttime residence that is:
A supervised publicly or privately
operated shelter designed
to provide temporary living
accommodations; or
An institution that provides a
temporary residence for individuals
intended to be institutionalized; or
A public or private place designed
for, or ordinarily used as, a regular
sleeping accommodation for
human beings
12 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Executive Summary
Nearly two-thirds 61%) homeless respondents were male, 38% were female, and less than 1%
identified as transgender" or other."
69% of survey respondents were White/Caucasian, 37% were Hispanic/Latino, 11% were Black/
African American, and 3% identified as American Indian/Alaskan Native.
Nearly half 47%) of all respondents were between 31-50 years old.
A majority 72%) of respondents were already living in Monterey County when they most recently
became homeless.
More individuals were unsheltered than sheltered4
73% of those counted were unsheltered 1,837 individuals within the 84 census tracts') and
27% 670 individuals) were in shelter facilities such as emergency shelters, transitional housing
facilities, and motel voucher programs in Monterey County.
30% of survey respondents were sleeping outdoors, on the streets, in parks, or in encampments.
13% of survey respondents were sleeping in an indoor area not normally meant for sleeping.
14% of survey respondents slept in their vehicles.
MONTEREY COUNTY ENUMERATION FINDINGS
2009-2011
Census Components 2009 2011 Net Change Percent Change
Street Enumeration 1,628 1,837 209 12.8%
Shelter Enumeration 732 670 62 8.5%
Emergency shelter 216 182 34 15.7%
enumeration'
Transitional housing 516 488 28 5.4%
enumeration
Total Count for HUD 2,407 2,507 100 4.2%
Annualized Estimate 3,056 3,472 416 13.6%
Source Harder + Company j2009) 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census San Francisco i'A
Applied Survey Research i2011) 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census Watsonville CA
This includes those who were using vouchers to stay rn motels of hotels
43% of respondents indicated this was the first time they had experienced homelessness.
59% of respondents had been homeless for a year or more since last permanent living/housing
situation
43% of respondents in 2011 said that this was the first time that had been homeless, compared to
39% in 2009.
44% of survey respondents cited job loss as the primary cause of their homelessness.
32% indicated it had been 3 or more years since their last permanent living/housing situation.
26% of respondents indicated that since they most recently became homeless, they had needed
medical care but were unable to receive it.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 13
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Executive Summary 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey
13% of all survey respondents indicated they were experiencing chronic health problems.
57% of all survey respondents said they had one or more disability conditions in 2011.
The federal government considers multiple physical and mental conditions disabling to homeless
individuals, preventing them from obtaining work or housing. These conditions include substance abuse
disorders, serious mental illness, developmental disabilities, cognitive impairments from physical trauma
and chronic physical illness or disabilities.
21% of the survey population had a physical disability in 2011.
20% of respondents reported having a mental illness.
38% of survey respondents reported that they were experiencing a substance abuse problem
alcohol and/or other drugs).
13% reported suffering from a chronic health problem.
1% had HIV/AIDS in 2011.
The majority of survey respondents 60%)
indicated they were receiving some form
of government assistance.
50% of survey respondents receiving
government assistance reported
receiving food stamps.
Chronic
Approximately 38% 194 out of 512
respondents) were chronically homeless.
A profile of chronically homeless individuals
living in Monterey County was obtained from
the homeless survey. In previous years, only
unaccompanied individuals were considered
An individual or family residing in a place not
meant for human habitation, a safe haven or
in an emergency shelter that also:
Has been continually homeless for
one year or more; or
Has experienced four or more
episodes of homelessness within the
past 3 years
Has an adult head of household with
diagnosable substance use disorder,
serious mental illness, developmental
disability, post traumatic stress
disorder, cognitive impairments
resulting from trauma, or chronic
physical illness or disability, including
the co-occurrence of 2 or more of
those conditions
chronically homeless by'Ihe U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development HUD). This year, HUD
extended the definition of chronically homeless to include individuals residing in families.
0
11
11
The percentage of chronically homeless in Monterey County was higher than the national findings
reported in the 2009 Annual Homeless Assessment Report AHAR) to Congress. The report found
that 27% of all homeless individuals across the nation were chronically homeless.'
It is estimated that on any given night, Monterey County has a chronically homeless population of
approximately 1,345 persons. This represents a 22% increase from 1,100 chronically homeless
individuals in 2009.
The percentage of chronically homeless persons increased from 36% in 2009 to 38% in 2011.
In Monterey County, 39 people in families were considered chronically homeless in 2011.
14 0 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Executive Summary
Veterans
percentage of homeless veterans remained relatively constant from 2009 to 2011.
In 2011, HUD and the Department of Veteran's Affairs VA) agreed
to use the HUD PIT count as the definitive federal estimate of veteran
homelessness.
13% of adult survey respondents ages 18 and older indicated
that they were veterans of the United States Armed Forces in
2011.
30% of homeless veterans reported living outside, on the street
or in an encampment.
29% of homeless veterans reported that they were not receiving
any form of government assistance.
42% reported depression, 29% reported chronic health
problems, and 33% reported drug or alcohol abuse.
H
Someone who has
served on active
duty in the Armed
Forces of the
United States. This
does not include
inactive military
reserves or the
National Guard
unless the person
was a called up to
active duty.
Families and Children
National data suggest that the number of homeless families is increasing.
251 families were counted in the 2011 homeless census.
12% of all survey respondents were members of a family currently
living with a child under the age of 18 years old).
child under 75% of survey respondents with children reported that they did not live
the age of with their children, thereby excluding them from the national definition
18 years. of family.
The most frequently reported cause of homelessness among families
was job loss 31%).
Homeless
families
are defined
as those
currently
living with
at least one
Unaccompanied Children and Youth
Homeless children and youth are an extremely difficult demographic to
capture and federal understanding of this population is limited.
271 unaccompanied children and youth ages 0-24) were
counted during the 2011 Point-in-Time count.
97 children were under the age of 18.
More youth were living on the street than in shelters.
23% of youth survey respondents reported their parents were
or had previously been homeless, 58% reported their parents
used drugs and/or alcohol during their childhood.
73% of youth survey respondents wanted to get off the streets.
The federal
government
defines
unaccompanied
children as
any person
under age 18
who presents
for housing or
services alone.
0 Applied Survey Research, 2011 15
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Executive Summary 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey
The 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census identified 2,507 homeless individuals in Monterey County.
This count, however, should be considered conservative since it is well known that even with the most
thorough methodology, many homeless individuals stay in locations where they cannot be seen or counted
by enumeration teams. Further, many women and families try to remain hidden for safety. The majority
73%) of those enumerated during the count were unsheltered, while 27% were sheltered. Compared to the
2009 count, the overall annualized homeless population increased by 14% representing a increase of 484
persons).
The Homeless Survey revealed a diverse population with many different needs; however, some consistent
themes emerged from the results. The survey showed that most homeless persons were 31 to 50 years old,
were living in Monterey County at the time they became homeless, had been homeless for more than one
year. Sixty-nine percent 69%) of survey respondents were White/Caucasian, 37% were Hispanic/Latino,
11 % were Black/African American. Thirteen percent 13%) of adult respondents ages 18 and older identified
themselves as veterans of the United States Armed Forces. Thirty-eight percent 38%) of survey respondents
were chronically homeless.
Key causes of homelessness included economic factors such as job loss or unemployment. Forty-four percent
44%) of homeless respondents reported the loss of a job as the primary reason they became homeless. Thirty-
nine percent 39%) reported that their alcohol or drug issue was the primary cause of their homelessness. A
large majority 88%) of survey respondents stated that they were currently unemployed.
While the number of homeless persons in Monterey County has increased over the past two years, Homeless
services providers in Monterey County strongly believe that the Homeless Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing
Program HPRP) has been effectively keeping many individuals and families from becoming homeless
and assisted homeless persons in obtaining stable housing. In light of the continuing economic recession,
providers feel that HPRP has helped to mitigate more significant increases in homelessness, such as those
seen in 2009 in Monterey County. As of March 31, 2011, 1,895 households had been assisted through the
HPRP project in Monterey County.
The United States Interagency Council on Homelessness 2010). Opening doors: federal strategic plan to prevent and
end homelessness. Washington, DC.
2 This total excludes homeless individuals who were housed in jails, hospitals, or rehabilitation facilities as they do not
meet HUD's homeless definition for the point-in-time count.
U.S. Census Bureau, 2007-2009 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates, 2011.
It is important to note that the count is conducted in January when the Winter Shelters are opening and running, which
increases the percentage of homeless individuals in shelter facilities.
Census tracts with extremely high mileage and extremely low population densities were covered strategically by those
familiar with the area rather than being completely canvassed by census teams.
1, Department of Housing and Urban Development 2010). Office of Community Planning and Development, The 2009
Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress. Retrieved March 2011 from www.huduser.org/publicationspdf/5thhom
elessassessmentreport.pdf
16 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Census Findings
The Point-in-Time street count was conducted on January 26, 2011 from approximately 5:30 a.m. to
11:00 a.m. Census enumerators canvassed all U.S. Census Tracts in Monterey County. Shelters and
institutions in the county reported their occupancies for the night of January 25, 2011. The number of
homeless persons occupying emergency shelters, transitional housing, domestic violence shelters, and
institutional housing were enumerated in conjunction with the street count. Special youth enumeration
teams consisting of currently homeless youth, formerly homeless youth, and youth service providers
enumerated unaccompanied homeless youth on the afternoon of January 26, from approximately 2:00
p.m. to 6:00 p.m. The number of unaccompanied homeless children and youth were integrated into the
overall census findings.3
The Point-in-Time Count in Monterey County
A total of 2,507 homeless people were counted on January 26 in Monterey County.
Of those counted, the majority 73%) were unsheltered 1,837 individuals). This included
the individuals counted on the streets, as well as those estimated to be living in the
occupied cars, vans, RVs, encampments, and abandoned buildings counted by
ennumerators.5
Over one-quarter of the population 27%) was sheltered 670 individuals). This number
included persons occupying emergency shelters including domestic violence shelters) and
transitional housing facilities.6
Between 2009 and 2011, the total number of homeless individuals enumerated during the
homeless census increased 4% from 2,407 to 2,507.
s A detailed explanation of the methodology used for the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census, including
the project limitations can be found in Appendix I. Copies of the census instruments can be found in Appendix II. For a
complete list of definitions of terms used in this report, please see Appendix VI.
4 This total excludes homeless individuals who were housed in jails, hospitals, or rehabilitation facilities as they do not meet
HUD's homeless definition for the Point-in-Time count.
5 The number of individuals enumerated in cars, vans, RVs, encampments, and abandoned buildings are estimates based on
empirical data from the 2011 Monterey County Homeless Survey. Survey respondents who indicated that they usually stay in a
car, van, RV, encampment, or abandoned building at night were asked to indicate how many people usually stay there,
producing a median number of people for each of these sleeping locations. The multipliers used were: 1.51 for cars, 1.86 for
vans/RVs, 3.13 for encampment structures, and 3.98 for abandoned buildings.
6 It is important to note that unlike many counties in California, Monterey County does not have an emergency winter shelter.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 18
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Figure 1:
2011
F
2011 2011 Tom % of Total
Street 1 t 1,837 73%
Emergency Shelter 141 41 0 182 7%
Transitional Housing w 2881 0 4881
20%
Total 1,190 483 834 2,507 100%
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Persons in families were 19% of the 2011 Point-in-Time homeless population, compared to 21%
in 2009.
Persons in families were 8% of the unsheltered homeless population, and 46% of the
sheltered population.
The total number of homeless individuals enumerated in emergency shelters and transitional
housing facilities decreased by 109 individuals since 2009.
Figure 2: Total Number of Homeless Individuals Enumerated During the Monterey County
2011 Point-in-Time Homeless Census with Comparison Data from 2007 and 2009
8.000
6.000
4000
2.407 2.507
028 1.837
1
2
000
1.402
0 509 779 070
Urnh.br.d s1Nlt.r.d Tad
2007 j 200Y 2011
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco CA
Applied Survey Research. 2017). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, CA.
Note: Totals exclude homeless individuals who were housed in jails, hospitals, or rehabilitation facilities as they do not meet HUD's homeless
definition for the Point-in- Time count.
2009 Sheltered Count includes and 47 motel/hotel vouchers distributed by Shelter Plus Care 11 to 29 homeless individuals and 18 homeless
families.
For the unsheltered count, a group of homeless individuals were determined to be a family if the grouping included at least
one child estimated to be under the age of 18 who was accompanied by at least one adult.
Applied Survey Research, 2011
Monterey County Homeless Census Findings
Monterey County 2011 Homeless Census Results
19
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Monterey County Homeless Census Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Of the adult homeless population enumerated, 35% were men, 10% were women, and 39% were
of undetermined gender.
16% of the homeless population in Monterey County were children under the age of 18 years.
Among the unsheltered adult homeless population, 37% were men, 11% were women, and
52% were of undetermined gender.
Among the sheltered adult homeless population, 43% were men, 8% were women, 35%
were children under the age of 18 and 20% were of undetermined gender.
Figure 3: Number of Sheltered and Unsheltered Adult Homeless Men and Women, Youth, and
Other Adults of Undetermined Gender in Monterey County
1.000
973 Adult Men
875 909
750 858 870
Adult of Undebnnined
025 under
500 Adult Warne
375 402
309
250 284 257 Children-18
125 eoc penhd and
uneoaampenledi
0
2009 2011
Source: Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville. CA.
20 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Figure 4:
Single
Ind" uals
Persons in
families
Individuals in
cars, vans, fs'
Individuals in
encampments
rialsin
sheter
Single
Individuals
Persons in
families
Transitional
Housing
Single
Individuals
Persons in
families
Total
Unsheltered
& Sheltered
Monterey County Homeless Census Findings
Monterey County Homeless Census Population, 2009-2011 Comparison
Acs of
men 1 flsf TOHF
140 115 16 41 26
0 0 0 13 0
207. 160 57 127 50
142 150 8 48 50
65 0 65 79 0
858 875 24 1 309 257
15 2 0 2 29 0 29
13 20 25 5 18 16 2
77 181 185 4 1 103 102
2 0 0 0 1 0 1
79 181 185 4 0 103 103
10
284
402
118
956 1 973
17
18%
26%
15%
13%
31%
212 141 34%
51 41 20%
516 488 5%
191 200 5%
325 288 11%
2,407 2,507 4%
Source: Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francist
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 207 7 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
2009 Emergency Shelter totals include motel/hotel vouchers distributed to 18 individuals and 29 families by Shelter Plus Care ll.
In 207 7 shelter providers were not required to report the gender of those residing in families.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 21
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Jurisdictional Data
As in previous years, the 2011 Homeless Census collected data on the geographic distribution of sheltered
and unsheltered homeless families and individuals in Monterey County. This data allows for the
assessment of needs and programs addressing homelessness at both the city and county level. Data on the
total number of sheltered and unsheltered families and individuals are presented in the following charts. It
is important to recognize the way jurisdictional data is affected by the location of shelter facilities.
Therefore, the overall numbers are followed by separate sheltered and unsheltered counts.
Total Number of Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Persons, by Jurisdiction
Figure 5: Total Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Census Population by Jurisdiction and
Family Status
Jutisdic+fri0s
J
77 4
Pow
BigSur 1 4 3 If fl w� y
Boronda 0 0 0 0
Cannel 2 6 4 0- V 50%
Castroville 8 0 8 0 23 23 24 0 24 32 23 9 28%
Del Monte 0 0 0 0
Forest
Del Rey Oaks 9 0 16 25
Elkhom 0 0
Gonzalez 35 0 38 73
Greenfield 21 17 4 14 82 68 21 0 21 56 99 43 77%
King City 4 14 10 0 0 0 9 19 10 13 33 20 154%
Las Lomas 0 25 0 25
Marina 137 113 24 238 276 38 127 54 73 502 443 60 13%
Monterey City 159 266, 107, 8 4 4 137 170, 03: 3394 4,40,- 136. 45%
Unincorporated 0 25 25 0 0 0 0 98 98 0 123
Monterey
County
Moss Landing 0 0 0
Pacific Grove 5 19 14 0 0 0 4 42 38 9 61 52 58%
Pajaro 86 234 148 94 18 76 83 28 263� 280; IT 7%
Prunedale 0 2 2 0 0 0 27 5 22 27 7 20 74%
Salinas 544 370 174 78 6 72 107 281 174 729 657 72 10%
Sand City 0 34 34 0 0 0 0 37 37 0 71 71
Seaside 105 40 65 48 49 1 160 40 120 313 129 184 59%
Soledad 24 2 22 0 0 0 60 0 60 84 2 82 98%
TOTAL 1,096 1,190 94 480 483 3 785 832 47 2,408 2,507 99 4%
Source Harder and Company Community Research. 2009), 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco. CA.
App/ed Survey Research. 2011). 2017 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
individuals in Vehicle, s, Encampments Abandoned Buildings, and Parks" is reported as a separate category because their family status
out'( not be determined. This category includes unsheltered individuals who were enumerated in these settings during the street census.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 22
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Figure 6:
Jthisdxtion kx9vilekels
2099 20'11 chow, PPerwwinfamWies
20
2w
tcaililnplt**s, or parks1
E
N0E
MW CWW Puns
To
Perout
2009. 2011 Na 1 chow, am"
Big Sur 1 4 a' 0 0 0 20 0 20 21 4 17 81%
Boronda 0 0 0 0
C Valley 3 8
Wage
2* 4 0 0 6 0 8 4 50%
Carmi by the 1 0 3 4
Sea
Castroville 8 0 8 0 23 23 24 0 24 32 23 9 28%
Del Monte
0�r 0
Forest,
Del Rey Oaks 9 0 16 25
Elkhorn 0 0 0 0
Gonzalez 35 0 38 73
Greenfield 21 17 4 14 82 68 21 0 21 56 99 43 77%
King City 4 14 10 0 0 0 9 19 10 13 33 20 154%
Las Lomas 0 25 0 25
Marina 53 22 31 0 0 0 127 54 73 180 76 104 58%
Monterey City 135 257 122 0 0 0 137 170 33 272 427 155 57%
Unincorporated
Monterey 0 25 25 0 0 0 0 98 98 0 123 123
County
Moss Landing 0 0 0 0
Pacific Grove 5 19 14 0 0 0 4 42 38 9 61 52 58%
Pajaro 61 168 107 94 18 76 83 28 55 238 214 24 10%
Prunedale 0 2 2 0 0 0 27 5 22 27 7 20 74%
Saknas 348 229 119 14; 6 8 107, 281 174 469 516 47 10%
Sand City 0 34 34 0 0 0 0 37 37 0 71 71
Seaside 60 6 454 0 0 0 160 40 120 220 46 174 79%
Soledad 24 2 22 0 0 0 60 0 60 84 2 82 98%
TOTAL 722 849 127 122 154 32 785 834 49 1,629" 1,837 208 13%
Source: Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census aril Survey San Francisco. CA
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Individuals In Vehicles, Encampments, Abandoned Buildings, and Parks" is reported as a separate category because these individuals
family status could not be determined This category includes unsheltered individuals who were enumerated in these settings during the
street census.
unsheltered 2009 total does not equal 1, 629 due to rounding.
2009 data combines Carmel Valley Village and Carmel by the Sea to form one Carmel total.
Monterey County Jurisdictional Data
Unsheltered Homeless Census Population by Jurisdiction and Family Status
Applied Survey Research, 2011 23
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Monterey County Jurisdictional Data
Figure 7:
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Sheltered Homeless Census Population by Jurisdiction and Family Status
3
Jp~
to,-, iwwvf
n,
P 3�'
* t^ 5.'N
Monterey 24 9 15 8 4 4 32 13 19 59%
Pis 25 66' 4 0: 0 41 164%
Salinas 196 141 55 64 0 64 260 141 119 46%
Seaside, 45 34. 11 48 1 Wk~
n
TOTAL 374 341 16 358 329 29 732 607
Source. Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research, 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
24 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2u�Countywide Annual Estimation 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
A Point-in-Time PIT) homeless enumeration has an inherent bias of not capturing homeless persons who
experience short episodes of homelessness during other times of the year. More people experience
homelessness annually than can be counted at any given point in time, as people cycle in and out of
homelessness. For example, someone may be homeless between February and May, and another person
may become homeless between October and January. Counting only the homeless person found in a
January census could under-represent the experience of the homeless person in the February to May
timeline.
Therefore, based on the survey responses of the 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey,
ASR used the annualization formula detailed by the Corporation for Supportive Housing to calculate an
annual estimate of the number of homeless persons in Monterey County over the course of a year. This
approach is the HUD-approved method for calculating the annual estimate of homeless persons based on
the Point-in-Time count. The following is an explanation of the annualization calculation.
Three factors were used to determine the annual estimate:8
A The Point-in-Time count of currently homeless people found in the street and shelter count)
B The number of currently homeless people who became homeless within the last 7 days; and
C The proportion of currently homeless people who have experienced a previous homeless
episode within the past 12 months.
The equation for calculating the annual estimate: A + B*51)*(l C)] Annual estimate
For Monterey County: 2,507 + 45.126*51)*(I 0.580756)] 3471.86 z 3,472 persons
The annual estimate for the number of homeless people in Monterey County was 3,472 persons. This was
a 14% increase from the 2009 annual estimate of 3,056 persons.
Based on the 2007-2009 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates population profile, this annual
estimate of homelessness represented approximately 1% of Monterey County's total population of
406,049 people.9
8 Burt, M. and C. Wilkins. March, 2005). Estimating the Need: projecting from point-in-time to annual estimates of the
number of homeless people in a community and using this information to plan for permanent supportive housing. Corporation
for Supportive Housing.
9 U.S. Census Bureau. 2011). 2007-2009 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates.
25 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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26 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2 u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
This section provides an overview of the findings generated from the 2011 Monterey County Homeless
Survey. Surveys were administered between February 1 and March 21, 2011, providing 520 completed,
unique surveys. Missing values have been intentionally omitted from the survey results. Therefore, the
total number of respondents for each question will not always equal the total number of surveys.10
Demographics
In order to measure the diversity of homeless residents in Monterey County, respondents were asked
several demographic questions pertaining to their age, gender, ethnicity, and family status.
Age
47% of all respondents were between 31 50 years old.
Less than I% of respondents were youth under the age of 18.
Figure 8: Survey Respondents by Age
13-17 years old
C 0.8%
0.4%
18-21 years old 5.0%
94o/
22-30 years old 11.5% 20.1%
31-40 years old 24.3%
21
7 /
o
41-50 years old o' 32.3%
25
2 /
51-60 years old 1&11 022 80%
61+ years old
0%
20%
40%
60% 80%
2007 N=400)
2011 N=508)
100%
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2017). 2017 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA,
Race/Ethnicity
69% of homeless survey respondents identified their racial/ethnic group as White/Caucasian.
11% of homeless survey respondents were Black/African American.
10 Additional information regarding the Monterey County Homeless Survey can be found in the appendices, including:
methodology Appendix I), geographic distribution Appendix I), the survey instrument Appendix III) and overall results
Appendix IV).
Applied Survey Research, 2011 27
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2 u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
6% of homeless survey respondents were two or more races.
9% of homeless survey respondents identified as Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, and
Pacific Islander 3% respectively).
37% of all homeless survey respondents, of any race, identified as Hispanic/Latino. 11
Compared to the overall population, there were equal percentages of Whites/Caucasians, and
higher percentages of Blacks/African Americans and American Indians/Alaska Natives.12
In the overall 2007 2009 Monterey County population, 69% of residents were
White/Caucasian, 3% were Black/African American, 53% were Hispanic/Latino, and 6%
were Asian.
Figure 9: Respondents by Race/Ethnicity Top 4 Ethnicities)
100%
80% 69.3% 69.3%
46.1%
52.9%
X6.7% 37.9% 36.9%
40% ry 29.0%
20%
0%
White/Caucasian
Hispanic/Latino
Black/African American
2007-2009 Monterey County General Population N=406,049) 2007 Homeless Survey N=401)
2009 Homeless Survey Population N=383) 2011 Homeless Survey Population N=485)
Asian
Soua, e: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Montere y County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied` Survey Research. 2077). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
UL_S. Census Bureau. 2077). 2007-2009 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates.
Residency Prior to Experiencing Homelessness
County Residency
The majority of survey respondents indicated they had been living in the County at the time they most
recently became homeless.
72% of survey respondents reported living in Monterey County when they most recently became
homeless.
Note: this response option was not mutually exclusive to racial/ethnic group identification.
2 U.S. Census Bureau. 2011). 2007-2009 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates.
28
Applied Survey Research, 2011
6.1%1.7%3.4%2.7%
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2 u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 10: Where Respondents Were Living at the Time They Most Recently Became Homeless
100%
78.1% 77.5%
80% 72.0%
60%
40%
14.4% 20% j 14.6% 17.6% 10 4�/
0%
Monterey County Other county in California
7.5% 7.9/0
Out of state
2007 N=402) 2009 N=378) 2011 N=51 8)
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco; CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville. CA.
Of respondents who had been living in the county at the time they most recently became homeless,
87% had been living in the county for 3 or more years before they became homeless.
Figure 11: Of Respondents Who Were Living in Monterey County When They Most Recently
Became Homeless, Length of Time Respondents Lived in the County Prior to
Becoming Homeless
100%
80% 65.4%
60% 52.8%
40%
20% 6.6%2.5% 7.6%3.4% 2.0%2.0% 12.3%4.8% 8.3% 9.3% 10.3% 12.5%
0%
30 days or less 1-6 months 7-11 months 1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years More than 10
years
2007 N=301) 2011(N=353)
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville; CA
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Previous Living Arrangements
The number of individuals living with friends and family before becoming homeless has increased from
29% in 2007 to 37% in 2011.
40% of homeless respondents indicated they were renting a home or apartment immediately prior
to becoming homeless this last time. This is compared to 39% of respondents in 2007.
Figure 12: Living Arrangements Immediately Prior to Becoming Homeless This Time
Top 5 Responses in 2011)
Applied Survey Research, 2011 29
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2 u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Renting a home or apartment
Living with relatives
Staying with friends
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
8.6%
In jail or prison i 8.7%
7.0%
11.4%
Living in a home owned by you or your partner 1 11.9%
0%
6.4%
20%
38.5%
38.9%
39.5%
40%
60%
2007 N=395)
2009 N=378)
2011(N=514)
80% 100%
S rrrc e Apn/ied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
larder and Con?panv Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2077). 2071 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Current Living Situation
Usual Nighttime Accommodations
Nearly one-third 32%) of respondents indicated that they usually stay at an emergency shelter,
transitional housing facility, or another type of shelter at night.
25% reported living outdoors in streets or parks.
14% reported living in a vehicle van/camper or RV/automobile).
30 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2 u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 13: Where Respondents Usually Stay At Night 2007, 2009 and 2011)
Emergency. transitional, or other shelter
Outdoors/streets/parks
3.0%
Motel/hotel 4.9%
7.4%
11.3%
A place in a house not normally used for sleeping 1.0%
Van/Camper or RV/automobile
Encampment
3.5%
5.1%
5.3%
Unconverted garage/attic/basement C_ 1.0%
2.5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
100%
2007(N=397)
2009 N=384)
2011(N=512)
80%
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco. CA
Applied Survey Research. 2077). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Obstacles to Obtaining Permanent Housing
65% of respondents indicated that having no job/no income was keeping them from securing
permanent housing, compared to 48% in 2007.
14% of survey respondents indicated they had a pet; when asked directly, 31% reported their pet
prevented them from obtaining housing.
59% cited inability to afford rent as a major obstacle to obtaining housing, and 35% lacked the
money for moving costs in 2011.13
13 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 31
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2!u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Figure 14: Circumstances That Were Preventing Respondents From Securing Permanent
Housing Top 5 Responses in 2011)
65.3%
53.2%
48.4%
59.4%
48.9%51.6%v 1,1
5.4%
29.3% 29.5%
19.8%13.6047.2% 20.6%17.0%16.4%
0%
No job/income Cari t afford rent No money for moving Bad credit No transportation
costs
2007 2009 2011
Multiple response questions with 399 respondents offering 812 responses in 2007, 376 respondents offering 786 responses in 2009, and
495 respondents offering 7, 7 38 responses in 207 7.
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey, Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2071). 2017 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville; CA.
Duration and Reoccurrences of Homelessness
While many respondents were experiencing homelessness for the first time, or had been homeless for just
a few months, others had been homeless repeatedly or for extended periods of time. Characteristics such
as usual nighttime sleeping arrangements, the use of government assistance or homeless services, and
causes for homelessness differed from respondent to respondent.
Duration of Homelessness
Less than half 42%) of all survey respondents had been homeless for less than one year since they
last lived in a permanent living situation. This is compared to 54% in 2007.
59% had been homeless for a year or more.14
o 13% had been homeless for one to two years.
40% had been homeless for two years or more.
14 This condition is one of the components used to determine whether a person can be considered chronically homeless" see
Chronic Homelessness" in the HUD Defined Homeless Subpopulations section).
32 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2"u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 15: Length of Time Since Last Permanent Housing Situation
31.8%
0 0 29.1%
25
Q/0
6 /
24
9%
25
0
0
11.3/0 5.5% 11.601 13.8/0 12.30__
21.3% 41% 1
0 0 6' 2�/ 0
13
0�/
92
6/
30 days or less 2-6 months
7-11 months
1-2 years
2007 N=398) 2009 N=378) 2011 N=506)
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2077). 2071 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, CA.
Occurrence of Homelessness
43% of survey respondents were homeless for the first time in 2011.
57% of respondents reported having experienced homelessness previously, compared to
51% of respondents in 2007.
Figure 16: Is This the First Time You Have Been Homeless?
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
51.2%
60.8%
Yes No
2007 N=402) 2009 N=383) 2011(N=520)
56.9%
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2077).2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, CA.
When asked about the occurrence of homelessness in the past 12 months, most 67%) indicated
that they had been homeless one time in the last 12 months, compared to 62% of respondents in
2007.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 33
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511-DSS-U08
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2#u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Between 2007 and 2011, the percentage of respondents who have been homeless four or
more times in the last three years decreased from 29% to 22%15.
Figure 17: Number of Times Respondents Had Been Homeless in the Last Three Years,
Including This Time
100%
80%
60% 51.2%55.7%
40%
20% 2%14.2%
12 0 16.7%12.6%
7.7%8.3/0 5.0%4.5% 4.5%2.7% 2.7%1.9%
0%
One time
2 times
3 times
4 times
5 times
6 times
More than 6
times
2007 N=402) 2011(N=515)
Source Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2077). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Primary Causes of Homelessness
The most common cause of homelessness cited by respondents was job loss.
44% of 2011 respondents indicated that the loss of a job was the primary cause of their
homelessness.
39% cited alcohol or drug use as the primary cause of their homelessness.
15 This condition is one of the components used to determine whether a person can be considered chronically homeless" see
Chronic Homelessness" in the HUD Defined Homeless Subpopulations section).
34 Applied Survey Research, 2011
BIB]
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6/20/2011-U011
COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2$u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 18: Primary Event or Condition That Led to Respondents' Current Episode of
Homelessness Top 5 Responses in 2011)
Lostjob
Alcohol/drug use
Lost income
Conflict with family/housemate 15.4%
Family/domestic violence 12.1%
0%
20%
44.3%
38.9%
40%
60%
Multiple response questions with 572 respondents offering 977 responses /17 2011.
Source., Applied Survey Research. 2017). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
80%
100%
Employment and Income
The 2009 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services HHS) Federal Poverty Level FPL) for one
person is approximately $903 per month.16 Income from government sources is excluded from this
calculation because the HHS Federal Poverty Levels do not consider non-cash government benefits such
as Food Stamps or housing subsidies) as income when determining the poverty levels for each fiscal year.
However, the local self-sufficiency standard is a more realistic measure of the true cost of living. The self-
sufficiency standard is a measure of income adequacy that calculates how much income working adults need to
meet their family's basic needs without subsidies. While the FPL for one person is approximately $903 per
month, the self-sufficiency standard for a single person in Monterey County is $2,156 per month.17
As shown previously, a lack of income whether from the loss of a job, being unable to find a job, or due
to other reasons has a great impact on homeless people in Monterey County. While some respondents
were able to earn income from employment, others were receiving income from sources such as public
assistance or disability benefits. However, many respondents were receiving little or no income from
either government or private sources.
Employment Status
88% of respondents indicated that they were not employed at the time of the survey, compared to
79% in 2007.
10% of respondents were employed part-time and 3% were employed full-time in 2011.
16 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2009). Federal Register, Vol. 74, No. 14, 2009 HHS Poverty Guidelines
January 23, 2009, p. 4200.
17 Wider Opportunities for Women and Californians for Family Economic Self-Sufficiency CFESS) and Equal Rights
Advocates. 2009).
Applied Survey Research, 2011
25.2%
35
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2%u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
In comparison, the unemployment rate for the overall population of Monterey County
reached 17% during February 2011.18
Figure 19: Employment Status of Respondents
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
91.4% 87.6%
6.3% 9.9%
Unemployed Employed part-time
2007 N=402) 2009 N=382) 2011(N=517)
78.6%
16.7%
impan y Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
4.7% 2.4% 2.5%
Employed full-time
Appl.Ced Sur ey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, CA.
fired Survey Research. 2011), 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
The majority 76%) of homeless survey respondents in 2011 reported being unemployed for a year
or longer.
Figure 20: Length of Unemployment for Respondents
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
8.3%
16.8% 17.1% 16.3%
6 months or less 6 months 1 year
2007 N=292) 2009 N=339) 2011 N=424)
75.5%
1 year or longer
Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
20.9% 23.9%
Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
/rd Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville. CA.
35% of 2011 respondents cited a lack of jobs as their main barrier to employment.
Twenty-seven percent 27%) cited the need for a phone or transportation services and 26%
reported a need for employment training.
18 State of California Employment Development Department, Labor Market Information Division. 2009).
36 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2&u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 21: Respondents' Barriers to Getting Emplo yment Top 5 R esponses in 201 1)
Response
2011 07-11
Ch
No jobs 2t.4%-, 27,5% 34.7% 13.3
Alcohol/drug issue 21.1% 17.3% 27.3% 6.2
No transportation 31.2% 26.0% 26.8% 4.4
No phone 26.3% 15.3% 26.8% 0.5
Need training 22.4% 24.9% 26.0% 3.6
Multiple response question with 308 respondents offering 880 responses in 2007, 346 respondents offering 1,022 responses in 2009. and
447 respondents offering 1, 430 responses in 2017.
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Sari Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2071 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, CA.
Income from Government Sources
Half of respondents 50%) indicated that they were not receiving any money from government
benefits.
v 18% of respondents were receiving more than $500 per month in government benefits.
Figure 22: Total Gross) Monthly Income from All Government Benefits
$0 1
$1-$250
$251-$500
$501-$1,000
8.3%
Over $1,000 4.7%
0%
20%
40%
49.7%
60%
80%
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2071), 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Income from Private Sources
100%
41% of respondents were receiving no income from private, non-Government sources, compared
to 43% in 2007.
15% received more than $500 from private sources, compared to 16% in 2007.
2011(N=515)
19 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 37
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2'u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Other Sources of Income
From 2007 to 2011, the percentage of respondents who reported earning income from recycling
increased from 33% to 40%, as did the number of persons panhandling 20% to 32%).
The percentage of respondents who received income from their family/friends increased, from
24% to 42%, while the number of persons providing sex work 3% to 8%).20
Figure 23: Respondents' Sources of Private Income Top 5 Responses)
Panhandling
Selling found
items
Sex work
0%
19.2%
20%
32.3%
40.3%
42.3%
40%
60%
80%
2007
2009
2011
100%
MulOp/e response question with 319 respondents offering 458 responses in 2007, 359 respondents offering 482 responses in 2009, and
437 respondents offering 676 responses in 2011.
Source. /1 pplied Suniey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
H'-!der and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco. CA,
A o PS"", Bey Research. 2011 j. 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Access to Government Assistance and Homeless Programs
Government assistance and homeless programs work to enable the homeless community to obtain income
and services. 21 However, many homeless people do not apply for these programs, or do not feel they
qualify for aid.
Government Assistance
60% of respondents reported receiving some form of government assistance, while 40% reported
not receiving any assistance.
20 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
2' For the purposes of this study, the following forms of government assistance were included: Food Stamps, Medi-Cal/Medi-
Care, Cash Aid/Ca1WORKS, General Relief, SSI Supplemental Security Income)/SSDI, WIC, Veterans Benefits, Social
Security, VA Disability Compensation, and other" government assistance.
38 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2(u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Between 2007 and 2011, the percentage of respondents who were receiving some form of
government assistance decreased from 54% to 40%.
The percentage of respondents who were receiving Food Stamps increased from 25% to
50%, between 2007 and 2011.
13% reported receiving Medi-Cal/Medi-Care health coverage, while 10% were receiving
Cash Aid/Ca1WORKS. 2
Figure 24: Of Those Receiving Some Form of Government Assistance, Types of Assistance
Received Top 5 Responses in 2011)
100%
80%
60%
40%
49.5%
Food Stamps
13.2%.0%
5.0%
Medi-Cal/Medi-Care Cash Aid/CaIWORKS General Relief
2007 2009 2011
6.5�/ 1.6'/.5%
SSI Supplemental
Security Income)/SSDI
Multiple response question with 400 respondents offering 490 responses in 2007, 379 respondents offering 520 responses in 2009, arid 0509
respondents offering 773 responses in 2071.
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Of those not receiving assistance, 26% did not have an I.D. and 22% did not think they were
eligible to receive assistance, compared to 16% and 23%, respectively, in 2007.
Figure 25: Reasons for Not Receiving Government Assistance Top 5 Responses in 2011)
sz These responses were not mutually exclusive.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 39
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2)u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
40%
20%
0%
30.9%
23.1% 22.2%
Have no identification Don't think I'm eligible
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
23.2% 20.1%
13.9% 19.3% 15.4% 13.3% 11.5%16.5%12.7%
Never applied No permanent address No transportation
2007 2009 2011
Mvltr/te response question with 208 respondents offering 308 r esponses in 2007 194 respondents offering 334 responses in 2009, and 316
respondents offering 469 responses in 2011.
Som,ce. Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Hanle' and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research, 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Services and Programs
Between 2007 and 2011, the percentage of respondents who were utilizing any services or
assistance decreased from 90% of respondents to 74%.
47% of respondents who were utilizing services or assistance indicated that they received
free meals and 23% were utilizing emergency shelters.23
23 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
40 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2*u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 26: Of Those Using Any Services or Assistance, Types of Services or Assistance Used
Top 5 Responses in 2011)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
62.5%
49.3% 46.6%
35.9% 0 38.9%
25.3% 25.1% 32.0 /0 23.0%
Multiple response question with 400 respondents offering 947 responses in 2007, 365 respondents offering 7, 384 responses in 2009, and
573 respondents offering 965 responses in 2011.
Source., Applied Survey Research. 2007), 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco: A.
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA,
Medical Care and Health Conditions
Access to health care is vital to general well-being. While many Monterey County residents struggle with
the high costs of health care, homeless residents are particularly vulnerable to many unique challenges
regarding their health.
Access to Medical Care
26.3%
Figure 27: Have You Needed Health Care and Been Unable to Receive It Since Becoming
Homeless This Last Time?
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Free meals Food pantry Emergency shelter Transitional housing Bus passes
2007 2009 2011
Over 26% of homeless respondents reported that since they most recently became homeless, they
needed medical care but were unable to receive it. This represented a decrease from 30% in 2007.
Over a third 35%) of homeless survey respondents reported using hospital Emergency Rooms as
their primary source of medical care and treatment in 2009.
30.3%
56.8%
Yes
19-00/014.5%16.4% 13.0%21.9%13.8%
69.7%
2007 N=393) 2009 N=368) 2011 N=509)
No
73.7%
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey San Francisco. A.
Applied Survey Research. 207 if 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. WatsonvOle, CA.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 41
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2+u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Need for Medical Services
Homeless individuals may suffer from conditions that deteriorate their overall health or exacerbate
existing chronic or acute illnesses. Rates of illness and injury are two to six times higher for homeless
persons than people who are housed.24 Additionally, homeless persons are at higher risk for poor dentition
and associated co-morbidities than are low-income people in stable housing. 5
In 2011, 78% of survey respondents indicated the need for dental care, compared to 60% in 2009.
The needs for eye care decreased from 50% in 2009 to 43% in 2011.
Figure 28: Respondents' Need for Medical Services 2009 and 2011)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
77.7%
59.5%
66.2%
40.5%
Dental Care Medical Care
50.0%43.1 %
15.0%
17.9% 12.7%
Eye Care Mental Health Services* Substance Abuse
Treatment
2009 2011
/vlu/i ole response question with 394 respondents offenng 846 responses in 2011. Response details not available for 2009 data.
estion ii vas not asked 0 2007.
ice: Haider and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. San Francisco, Cll.
Ipp/Cd Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Between 2007 and 2011, the percentage of respondents who used the Emergency Room ER) for
medical treatment decreased from 49% to 44%.
56% of respondents indicated that they had never used the ER for medical treatment in the 12
months prior to the survey in 2011, compared to 51% of 2007 respondents.
24 Wright, J. D. 1990). The Health of Homeless People: evidence from the national health care for the homeless program. In
Brickner, P.W. et al. Eds.) Under the Safety Net: The Health and Social Welfare of the Homeless in the United States. New
York: W.W. Norton.
25 National Healthcare for Homeless Council. 2011). Retrieved March 2011 from
http://www.nhchc.org/Network/HealingHands/2003/hh-0603.pdf
42 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2,u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 29: Number of Times Respondents Had Used the Emergency Room For Any Treatment
in the Year Prior to the Survey
100%
80%
60% 50.8% 56.4%
45.7%
Never
19.5%
19.2% 22.0% 13.3%
1 time
13.8% 10.2%
2 times
8.6%
5.6% 4.6%
3 tines
5.0% 1.8% 6.1%
3.6% 1.6% 2.1% 3.0% 4.9% 2.2%
4 times 5 times 6+tunes
2007 N= 390) 2009 N=342) 2011(N=500)
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007).2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville. CA,
Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville. CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2017). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Chronic Health Problems
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC), the average life expectancy of the
average American is 78 years. A study of homeless mortality rates in seven cities throughout the United
States, Canada and Europe, found that the average life expectancy for a person without permanent
housing was between 42 and 52 years. The study also indicated that premature death often results from
acute and chronic medical conditions aggravated by homeless life.26
Between 2007 and 2011, the percentage of respondents who indicated that they were experiencing
chronic health problems decreased from 21 % to 13%.
26 O'Connell, J. 2005). Premature Mortality in Homeless Populations: a review of the literature. Retrieved January 13,
2011 from http://www.nhchc.org/PrematureMortalityFinal.pdf.
Applied Survey Research, 2011
43
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2-u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Figure 30: Are You Currently Experiencing Chronic Health Problems?
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
20.5%
Yes
No
2007 N=376) 2011(N=494)
Decline to state
V-oie. This question was not asked in 2009
Source: Applied Suwey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2077). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
In 2011, 23% of respondents 15 persons) with chronic health problems cited that their
illness/medical problem or hospitalization/treatment was the primary cause of their homelessness.
This represents an increase from 13% 24 respondents) in 2007.
Of the respondents with chronic health problems 56% of them said they have needed medical care
and were unable to receive it.
The highest reported need for medical services was 75% reporting a need for dental care, followed
by 63% of persons in need of general medical care.
Disabling Conditions
For the purposes of this study, a disabling condition was defined as a physical disability, mental illness,
depression, alcohol or drug abuse, chronic health problem, AIDS/HIV related illness, Tuberculosis,
Hepatitis C, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD), or a developmental disability.
In 2011, the percentage of all survey respondents with one or more disabling condition was 57%.27
27 The existence of a disabling condition is one of the components used to determine whether a person can be considered
chronically homeless" see HUD Defined Homeless Subpopulations section).
44 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2.u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Figure 31: Number of Disabling Conditions Among All Homeless Respondents
100%
80%
60% 43.5%
40% 26.3%
20% 11.5% 7.5% 6.5% 2.5%
2.1 /�
0%
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six or more
2011 N=520)
Source: App//edSurveyResearch, 2017). 2071 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Mental Health
National studies have found that a disproportionate number of homeless persons suffer from some form of
mental illness.28 Survey respondents were asked about their mental health, including mental illness and
depression.
Between 2007 and 2011, the percentage of respondents experiencing depression remained
relatively stable, 41% and 40% respectively.
Figure 32: Percentage of Respondents Who Were Currently Experiencing Mental Illness and
Depression
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
21.7%
20.0%
Mental Illness
2007 2011
Depression
2007: Mental Illness N=378, Depression N=377-
207 1: Mental Illness N=490, Depression N=497.
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA
Applied Survey Research. 2011). 207 7 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watson ville. A.
In 2011, 42% of respondents who were currently experiencing a mental health issue indicated that
their mental health issues led to their homelessness.
28 National Coalition for the Homeless Fact Sheet. 2008). Retrieved on May 20, 2009 at
http://www. issuelab.org/research/mental_illness_and_homelessness_2008.
Applied Survey Research, 2011
40.8% 39.5%
45
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2/u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
In 2011, the percentage of respondents who were experiencing a mental illness who had received
mental health services or medication in the past 12 months was 63%.
41% of respondents who were currently experiencing mental illness had been hospitalized for
emotional problems in the past 12 months.
Mental Health Services
The majority 80%) of homeless respondents reported that they do not, or have not, received
mental health services or medication for their mental health in the past 12 months.
Of those respondents who had not received mental health services, 30% reported having trouble
accessing mental health services, compared to 14% in 2009.
Cynthia Jones had a successful career in public service and office management but was laid off in 2006 due to the recession and budget
cuts. Since she was only functional when she was working, the mental and physical conditions she had managed to conceal for so long
began to surface and overwhelm her. She suffered from depression from traumatic abuse, addiction and several chronic, permanent
illnesses. She didn't come out of her bedroom for a year and a half. In 2007 she was classified as permanently disabled and at the same
time became homeless.
Feeling hopeless, alone, and with no options, Cynthia had lived in her car for nearly a year when she was referred to MCHOME.
Nervously, Cynthia applied to the program and has been grateful ever since. From the very first introductions, I felt wanted," she said.
MCHOME provided her with subsidized housing, therapy sessions and groups, a support system, resources, and a two-year period in
which to recover and mature.
MCHOME's goal is to move homeless adults living with mental illness off the streets of Monterey and into housing and treatment.
MCHOME counselors reach out to approximately 100 homeless adults each year and evaluate them for indications of chronic
homelessness and psychiatric disability, and, if they qualify, enroll them in intensive, integrated services that include housing, food,
psychiatric care, and financial counseling. Working closely with the Monterey County Health Department Behavioral Health Division
MCHOME helps clients get the medical services and medications they need. Counselors also work with the Department of Social Services
to help clients file for benefits, such as SSI. Clients are also connected to Interim's Supported Education & Employment SEES) and with
the Department of Rehabilitation to help them find employment.
For Cynthia, MCHOME made her feel accepted" and allowed her to trust people for the first time in her life. Cynthia received the tools she
needed to get off and stay off the streets. She now has an apartment of her own, friends who care about her and says she loves her life.
She credits MCHOME for her emotional salvation."
The MCHOME project is funded by the State's Mental Health Services Act MHSA), City of Monterey, City of Salinas, United Way of
Monterey County, and private donations. There is no fee to the individual. Once they are housed, clients pay for rent and food on a sliding
scale.
Despite only 20% of homeless survey respondents reporting that they do not, or have not received
mental health services, one third 33%) of respondents in 2011 indicated that they had been
hospitalized for emotional problems in the last 12 months, compared to 11% in 2009.
HIV/AIDS
Between 2009 and 2011, the number of respondents who were experiencing HIV/AIDS decreased
from 9 respondents to 6.
46 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E20u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
Physical and Developmental Disabilities
Between 2007 and 2011, the percentage of respondents with a physical and/or developmental
disability decreased from 37% to 24%.
Figure 33: Percentage of Respondents Who Were Currently Experiencing a Physical or
Developmental Disability
27.9%
20.9%
9.1%
2.8%
Physical Disability Developmental Disability
2007 2011
2007: Physical Disability N=387, Developmental Disability N=372.
2011: Physical Disability N=497, Developmental Disability N=492.
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville. CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2071). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, A.
Note: These responses were not mutually exclusive.
Substance Abuse
Substance use alcohol or drugs) was the second-most cited cause of homelessness among the homeless
survey population in Monterey County. Many survey respondents indicated that they were currently
experiencing alcohol or drug abuse at the time of the survey.
38% of respondents experienced alcohol and/or drug abuse problems in 2011.
Figure 34: Percentage of Respondents Who Were Currently Experiencing Alcohol or Drug
Abuse
100%
80%''
62.5%
60%
37.5%
40%
20%
0%
Yes
No
2011 N=491)
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 47
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E21u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Of respondents who were currently experiencing alcohol or drug abuse, 68% cited the use of
alcohol or drugs as the primary cause of their homelessness in 2011.
In 2011, nearly all 92%) of the respondents who were experiencing substance abuse indicated
they were not receiving alcohol or drug counseling.
Domestic/Partner Violence or Abuse
In 2011, 5% of respondents were experiencing domestic violence or abuse at the time of the
survey.
Of those respondents who were experiencing domestic violence or abuse, 77% were female and
23% were male.
Figure 35: Respondents Who Were Experiencing Domestic/Partner Violence or Abuse
By Gender)
76.9%
Male
Female
2011 N=26)
0.0%
Transgender
rep Apolreo Survey Research. 2071) 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
In 2011, the percentage of survey respondents who were experiencing domestic violence or abuse,
who reported domestic/family violence as the primary cause of their homelessness was 65%.
Incarceration
The transition from prison to society can be a difficult one. Survey results indicate that some homeless
people are struggling with this issue.
Transition from Jail or Prison
7% of survey respondents indicated that immediately before they became homeless this time, they
were in jail or prison.
v 10% of survey respondents cited incarceration as the primary event that led to their
homelessness, compared to 5% in 2007.
Between 2009 and 2011, the percentage of respondents who indicated that their criminal
record was keeping them from securing permanent housing slightly decreased from 12% to
11 %. The percentage of survey respondents who reported that their criminal record was
keeping them from getting employment increased slightly from 13% to 14%.
Nights in Jail or Prison
Though the HUD definition of homelessness for Point-in-Time counts does not include those residing in
jails; the Monterey County Jail provided supplemental data for this report. The county jail reported that
48 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E22u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings
on any given night about 135 homeless individuals were sheltered in the jail. Of those, 118 were male
and 7 were female. The jail reports the number of homeless individuals remains relatively consistent.
35% of homeless survey respondents reported that they had spent at least one night in jail or
prison in the year prior to the survey.
Figure 36: Number of Nights Respondents Reported Spending in Jail/Prison in the Year Prior to
the Survey
100%
80% 70.4%64.8%
60%
40%
18.7%
20% 7
9% 12.5%
2.0%3.0% 3.8%4.3% 3.3%5.1% 4.1%
0%
0 1-5 nights 6-10 nights 11-20 nights 21-50 nights More than 50 nights
2007 N=392) 2011 N=508)
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2007). 2007 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2077). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Probation or Parole
22% of survey respondents reported currently being on probation or parole at the time the survey
was administered, a slight decrease from one-quarter 25%) of respondents in 2007.
21% of survey respondents reported being on probation or parole when they most recently
became homeless, compared to 28% in 2007.
Tickets
More than one-quarter 27%) of homeless respondents in 2011 reported that in the past 12 months
they had received one or more tickets for parking violations, loitering, trespassing, or camping.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 49
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E23u�Monterey County Homeless Survey Findings 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Figure 37: Number of Tickets Received by Respondents 2011)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
73.3%
12.6%
5.9%
2.6% 1.4% 4.2%
0 tickets 1 ticket 2 tickets 3 tickets 4 tickets 5 or more tickets
2011(N=506)
Sours e: Applied Survey Research. 20711, 201! Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Foster Care
Transition from Foster Care
When respondents were asked if they had ever been in foster care, 10% of respondents indicated
that they had, compared to 9% in 2007.
In 2011, less than 1% of survey respondents said that aging out of foster care was the
primary event that led to their homelessness.
50 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E24u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey HUD Defined Homeless Subpopulations
Chronic Homelessness
The mortality rate for chronically homeless men and women is four to nine times higher than for the
general population and those experiencing long-term homelessness often incur significant public costs
through emergency room visits, run-ins with law enforcement, incarceration, and access to existing
poverty and homeless programs.29 In 2011, the federal government announced a 5-year plan to end
chronic homelessness. The plan focuses on permanent supportive housing, reducing financial instability,
and improving heath and housing stability.30
HUD defines a chronically homeless person as:
An unaccompanied individual with a disabling condition who has been:
Continually homeless for one year or more, or
Has experienced four or more episodes of homelessness within the past 3 years.
For the purposes of this study, a disabling condition" was defined as a physical disability, mental illness,
depression, alcohol or drug abuse, AIDS/HIV related illness, chronic health problems, Tuberculosis,
Hepatitis C, or a developmental disability. Those currently living in transitional housing are not
considered by HUD to be chronically homeless.
From 2009 to 2011, the percentage of all survey respondents who were chronically homeless
increased from 36% 138 respondents) to 38% 194 respondents).
18% of chronically homeless individuals in Monterey County were sheltered in 2011, while the
majority, 82% were unsheltered.
In 2009, 27% of homeless individuals in the United States were considered chronically
homeless, 58% of those were unsheltered.31
The largest percentage of chronically homeless respondents 39%) indicated that they
usually sleep outdoors on the street, in parks, in creek beds, or in encampments).
The chronically homeless survey results were used to project approximately how many people are
chronically homeless in Monterey County at a given point in time.
It is estimated that on any given night, Monterey County has a chronically homeless
population of approximately 1,345 persons. This represents a 22% increase from 1,100
chronically homeless individuals in 2009.
It should be noted that this figure is derived from the population of homeless persons who
are eligible to be considered chronically homeless by HUD; therefore the chronically
homeless population includes only those homeless persons who are unaccompanied
29 National Alliance to End Homelessness. 2011). Fact Sheet: Chronically Homeless. Washington, D.C. Retrieved March 2011
from http://www.endhomelessness.org/content/article/detail/1623
30 United States Interagency Council on Homelessness. 2011). Opening Doors: federal strategic plan to prevent and end
homelessness. Washington, D.C.
31 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development. 2009). The
Annual Assessment Report to Congress.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 51
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E25u�HUD Defined Homeless Subpopulations 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
individuals, unsheltered or in emergency shelters, and does not include those in transitional
housing, jails, hospitals, and rehabilitation facilities, or anyone in a family.
In 2011, 68% of chronically homeless people were male.
Figure 38: Chronically Homeless Population by Gender, 2011
100%
80% 67.9%
60%
40% 32.1%
20%
0%
Female
Male
raz,rr~e: AE~Iretl Survey Research. 2071). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
In 2011, the largest percentage of chronically homeless people indicated they were
White/Caucasian 44%), followed by Hispanic/Latino 40%) and Black/African American 5%).
52% of chronically homeless people had more than one disabling condition.
39% of chronically homeless persons were living outdoors, on the street, or in encampments.
19% had four or more disabling conditions that complicated or prevented them from
maintaining work or housing.
50% of chronically homeless respondents indicated that they were not receiving any form of
government benefits income or non-income).
56% of chronically homeless survey respondents reported using free meal services.
36% were not using any form of community assistance or support.
52 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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Veterans
National data shows that only eight percent of the general U.S. population can claim veteran status, but
nearly one-fifth of the homeless population identify as veterans.32
In general, veterans have high rates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD), traumatic brain injury, and
sexual trauma, which can lead to higher risk for homelessness. About half of homeless veterans have
serious mental illness and 70 percent have substance abuse problems.33 Half of homeless veterans have
histories of involvement with the legal system. Veterans are more likely to live outdoors-unsheltered-
and experience long-term, chronic homelessness. 34
The United States Interagency Council on Homelessness is facilitating collaborative efforts by the
Department of Veteran's Affairs VA), HUD, Labor, and Health and Human Services to align resources
for greater effectiveness by bringing together programs that would otherwise operate separately. This year
was the first year the VA will use the national HUD Point-in-Time counts as the definitive count of
homeless veterans. This year, the VA recommended two questions to determine Veterans Status: Have
you ever served in the U.S. Armed Forces?" and Were you activated into active duty, as a member of the
National Guard or as a reservist?"
Number of Sheltered and Unsheltered Homeless Veterans
13% of survey respondents over the age of 18 were veterans.
The percentage of survey respondents ages 18 and older who had served in the United
States Armed Forces increased from 9% in 2009 to 13% in 2011.
Of sheltered survey respondents ages 18 and older, 9% reported that they were veterans.
Demographics of Homeless Veterans
86% of homeless veterans were male in 2011.
The largest percentage of homeless veterans indicated they were White/Caucasian 55%),
Hispanic/Latino 16%) followed by Black/African American 13%).
Two-thirds of homeless veterans 65%) had at least one disabling condition and 58% were
experiencing more than two.
The disabling condition reported by the largest percentage of homeless veterans was depression
42%).
31% of veterans reported having a physical disability, 29% reported experiencing chronic
health problems.
32 National Coalition for Homeless Veterans. Retrieved January 13, 2011, from http://www.nchv.org/background.cfin.
33 Interagency Council on Homelessness. 2010). Opening Doors: Federal strategic plan to prevent and end homelessness.
Retrieved January 13, 2011, from http://www.usich.gov/PDF/FactSheetVeterans.pdf.
34 Interagency Council on Homelessness. 2010). Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness.
Retrieved January 13, 2011, from http://www.usich.gov/PDF/FactSheetVeterans.pdf.
Applied Survey Research, 2011
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22% of respondents reported suffering from PTSD and 21% reported having a mental
illness.35
Figure 39: Percentage of Homeless Veteran Respondents Who Were Experiencing the Following
Disabling Conditions 2011)
Depression
Physical disability
Chronic health problems
PTSD
Mental illness
Drug/Alcohol abuse
Developmental disability
HIV/AIDS related illness
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Note These responses v ere not mutually exclusive.
Note. Perrentayes are unstable due to small sarnple size 69 individuals)
essnon N-28. Alcohol/Drug abuse N=22. Mental illness N 13. Physical disability N=21, Chronic health problems N=19, PTSD
opment~l disability N=2 HI WIAIDS N=1.
ed Survey Research 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
42% of homeless veteran respondents cited loss of a job as the primary cause of their
homelessness.
34% reported alcohol or drug use as the primary cause of their homelessness.
Figure 40: Primary Causes of Homelessness, Veteran and Non-Veteran Comparison 2011)
100%
80%
a
60% 42.4% o 39.6%
o
0
1Ql
/n 26.5
/a
4t1 /o
6 i2.4% 16.7 /o 9.1%
10.6% 10
20% 9.4% 8.1%
0%
Job Loss Alcohol or Drug Mental Health Family/Domestic Lost Income Divorce/Seperation
Use Issues Violence
Veterans N=66) Non-Veterans N=445)
Saurce: Applied Survey Research. 2011). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
30% of homeless veteran respondents indicated that they usually slept outdoors on the streets, in
parks, or in encampments) at night, followed by 20% who usually stayed in their vehicles.
29% of homeless veterans indicated that they were not receiving any government assistance.
35 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
54 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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The types of government assistance most commonly received by homeless veterans were
Food Stamps 48%), General Assistance 14%), Medi-Cal/Medicare 6.2%), and SSI/SSDI
5%)36
The most commonly cited services used by the homeless veterans were free meals 43%),
health services 15%), emergency shelters 11%), shelter day services 3%), and twenty-
nine percent 29%) of veteran respondents indicated that they were not using any services.
Mr. John W. Lane, Jr. served in the Army at the end of the Vietnam Conflict and had a 10 year history of homelessness. A local shelter
referred Mr. Lane to the HUD-VASH program, a partnership between the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development HUD) and
Department of Veterans Affairs VA) developed to help end homelessness among Veterans.
Mr. Lane got help from the staff of the VA and financial support from a community agency for the deposit to get his own one-bedroom
apartment in Monterey. It was the first time he had a place to call his own in many years. Mr. Lane lived on odd jobs and finally began
receiving a monthly VA Pension which helped him develop a stable financial foundation. Unfortunately, behaviors related to his ongoing
alcohol use caused him to be evicted from his apartment. Mr. Lane was able to enter a shelter in Menlo Park and outpatient substance use
treatment groups where he examined how his alcohol use contributed to his homelessness. Finally, Mr. Lane was able to reapply for a
VASH housing voucher and secured a one-bedroom apartment which he continues to maintain by staying connected with VA supports and
services and working to be a good neighbor." While the path to permanent housing is not always straight, sometimes the diversions
provide the most potential for growth. The philosophy behind HUD-VASH supports chronically homeless Veterans with multiple
complicating issues achieve long-term success using their strengths and resiliency to make the changes necessary to be successful.
The VA is working to end homelessness among Veterans. Specifically, in Monterey County, the VA Palo Alto Health Care System's
Monterey Community Based Outpatient Clinic provides a range of services to eligible Veterans. The National Call Center for Homeless
Veterans 1-877-4AID-VET) connects callers from all over the country with local VA providers who can link them with local housing
resources. Weekly Housing Resource Groups are held at the Monterey Clinic, with plans to expand to community sites, to help connect
Veterans with the range of housing resources from short-term emergency shelter beds to permanent housing options like HUD-VASH. In
Marina, the Veterans Transition Center is a non-profit agency contracted by the VA to provided transitional housing and linkages to
treatment services to eligible Veterans and their families. The HUD-VASH program which serves Mr. Lane promotes permanent housing
for chronically homeless Veterans. Low-income Veterans who are eligible for HUD-VASH receive a specialized Housing Choice Voucher
Section 8) to be used at the rental of their choosing. Eligible Veterans also receive intensive, ongoing case management from HUD-VASH
case managers as well as other services from the Health Care System. To date, 85 HUD-VASH vouchers have been issued in Monterey
County.
Homeless Families
National reports reveal that one of the fastest growing segments of the homeless population is families
with children. Families, single mothers, and children make up the largest group of people who are
homeless in rural areas.37 Children in families experiencing homelessness have high rates of acute and
36 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
37 Vissing, Y. M. 1996). Out of sight, out of mind: homeless children and families in small-town America. Lexington:
University Press of Kentucky.
Applied Survey Research, 2011
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chronic health problems and many have been exposed to violence. Homeless children are more likely to
have emotional and behavioral problems than children with consistent living accommodations.38
Number of Homeless Families
It is estimated that on any given night, Monterey County has a population of approximately 299
homeless families with children.
In the 2011 Point-in-Time count 19% of those counted 483 people) were persons in families.
In 2011, HUD expanded the definition of chronically homeless to include families. In
Monterey County 39 persons in families feel within the definition of chronically homeless.
Demographics of Homeless Families
95% of homeless families had a female head of household.
The largest percentage of homeless individuals with children indicated they were
White/Caucasian 41%), followed by Hispanic/Latino 39%), and Black/African American
13%).
Primary Cause of Homelessness for Homeless Families with Children
31% of homeless survey respondents with children cited job loss as the primary cause of their
homelessness, while 28% reported drug or alcohol use as the primary cause of their homelessness.
An additional 28% of homeless survey respondents in families reported family/domestic violence
as the primary cause of their homelessness.
Government Assistance for Homeless Families with Children
The types of government assistance most commonly received by homeless individuals with
children were Food Stamps 79%), Medi-Cal/Medicare 69%), CALWorks/Cash Aid 59%), and
WIC 25%). However, 15% of homeless parents with children indicated that they were not
receiving any government assistance. 39
The most commonly cited services used by homeless families was transitional housing 71%),
food pantry services 36%), 20% were using mental health services and 12% were using basic
health services. ices. Eight percent 8%) of homeless families indicated that they were not using any
services.
Usual Sleeping Places of Homeless Individuals with Children
82% of surveyed families reported living in a transitional or emergency shelter.
38 U.S. Interagency Council on Ending Homelessness. 2010). Opening Doors: federal strategic plan to prevent and end
homelessness. Retrieved March 2011 from www.usich.gov.
39 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
40 These responses were not mutually exclusive.
56 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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5% reported living in motels or hotels, and an additional 5% reported living indoors in a place not
usually meant for sleeping.
Felix has been living on or around the Pajaro levee for the past four years and while he struggles to find food and clothing, he says it
wouldn't be so bad if he wasn't out there with his wife and three children. I would manage but I have my children and my wife to take
care," he said. Felix, like many of the families waiting for services, finds occasional work in the berry fields. Felix says there are many who
want and need to work but find there are not a lot of job opportunities. Given the extended rainy periods Felix was expecting a very small"
paycheck this month, so while his kids were at school, a resourceful Felix was meeting the M.O.S.T. van.
Felix learned about the Mobile Outreach Services Team M.O.S.T.) van which provides the community with food and clothing twice a week.
The 44-year-old has come to rely on provisions from the M.O.S.T. van and says it is something he can count on. For Felix the food he gets
from the M.O.S.T. van helps him keep his family fed when he needs it most.
M.O.S.T. is a team of skilled workers who reach out and work with the county's street homeless in an effort to help them gain access to
services and/or begin the process of moving off the street. The M.O.S.T. team travels the county every day of the work week and delivers
food, clothing, and basic needs. They offer information on available resources and referrals to homeless individuals throughout Monterey
County.
Rebecca Skrdla, M.O.S.T. case manager, says the need is obvious and the work is life-changing for her clients. They come in the pouring
rain to get what we have for them," she said of individuals who frequent the van. She said the work is also life-changing for her recounting
the time she received a heartfelt thank you from a little girt for the clothes she had brought her, all her clothes, she told Rebecca, had come
from the M.O.S.T. van and she really liked them.
Clothes and other items delivered by the M.O.S.T. van come from individuals, churches, and thrift stores. The food comes from several
local grocery stores. Rebecca said there is always a great need for deodorant for the men and hair brushes for the women. To donate to
the M.O.S.T. van call 831-236-7638.
M.O.S.T. is a program of Shelter Outreach Plus, which, for 30 years, has provided a single-point of entry for people in crisis into a total
continuum of care where education, recovery, and employment are viewed as key steps to a safe and self-sufficient life. Shelter
Outreach Plus' other programs include Homeward Bound Transitional Housing, Family Helpline, Domestic Violence Service Center,
Family Emergency Shelters. I-HELP Ovemiaht Housing. and Men In Transition.
Child Education
100% of respondents with school-aged children ages 6 17) living with them indicated their
children were in school. This was a positive increase from 52% in 2009.
Figure 41: Are Your School-Aged Children Who Are Living With You) in School?
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Yes
100.0%
2009 N=20) 2011(N=38)
No
Source- Harder and Company Community Research. 2009). 2009 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey San Francisco, CA.
Applied Survey Research. 2071). 2077 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey Watsonville, CA.
The 2011 Homeless Census collected secondary data on the number of homeless children and youth
recorded in Monterey County by the California Department of Education CDE). The CDE's definition
of homelessness is broader and includes those children who are doubled up, precariously housed or in
Applied Survey Research, 2011 57
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danger of losing their housing. The following chart indicates the grade and number of homeless children
recorded by the CDE.
Homeless Children and Youth Enrollment Numbers 2011)
JOW
Carmel Unified 1 1 0 1 1' 11
Gonzales Unified 2 7 9 11 6 35
King City e Wye" 20 79 33 13 0 145
MCOE Alt. Ed. 0 0 0 0 12 12
MCOE Sp. Ed 5 5 10 0 1 21
MPUSD 53 168 110 58 74 463
Pacific Unified 0 0 0 0 1 1
Salinas Union HSD 0 0 0 81 45 126
Salinas City ESD 247 354 308 0 0 909
Santa Rita 7 23 22 4 0 56
Total 335 637 492 168 147 1,924
t r� rye. Monterey County Office of Education. 2017). Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Title 7 reporting. Monterey, CA
Of the homeless children and youth the CDE reported, 136 were living in shelters and included in
our count. An additional 112 were unsheltered and may have been included in the count.
However, 1,469 children and youth were precariously housed, living doubled up or staying with
friends and family 41
Children living in Foster Care or with Other Family Members
74% of respondents who reported having children were not currently living with their children
Of the respondents who indicated they had children, 5% reported that they had one or more
children in foster care.
36% reported they had children living with friends or other family members.
Unaccompanied Homeless Children and Youth
Unaccompanied Children" are children under the age of 18 who are homeless and living independent of
a parent or legal guardian. Homeless Youth are defined as individuals between the ages of 18 and 24
years old. Identifying and including unaccompanied homeless children and youth in the Annual Point-in-
Time Count is challenging. Data on the population both locally and national is extremely limited. What
little data is available suggest the negative effects of homelessness on children are high and those
experiencing homelessness face even greater challenges than their adult counterparts. They have a harder
time accessing services, including shelter, medical care and employment.42
41 Monterey County Office of Education. 2011). Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Title 1 reporting. Monterey, CA.
42 National Coalition for the Homeless. 2011). Homeless Youth Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 2011 from
http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/index.html.
58 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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Monterey County increased their efforts to include unaccompanied children and youth in the 2011
Homeless Census and Survey. The youth focused street count took place in the afternoon of January 26,
2011, from approximately 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm, when children were more likely to be visible in the
community. ASR worked with local youth service providers and hired local homeless youth to participate
in the count, with the belief that they had particular knowledge and access to areas where homeless
children and youth congregate. Unaccompanied children and youth who were surveyed took the basic two-
page survey, as well as 28 additional survey questions that asked specifically about their circumstances as
unaccompanied children. Due to the small number of unaccompanied children under the age of 18 and limited
access to children by homeless surveyors, no children under the age of 18 participated in the youth survey.
However, a total of 51 homeless youth under the age of 25 answered the survey. The following section details
results of both the youth specific count and survey.
Number and Characteristics
280 unaccompanied youth under the age of 25 were included in the homeless census.
9 youth were sheltered on the night of January 25, 2011.
Of the 280 unaccompanied youth, 97 were under the age of 18. All unaccompanied
children were counted in the unsheltered street count.
Demographics
There was a slightly higher percentage of homeless male youth 53%) than female youth 43%).
The largest percentage of homeless youth indicated they were White/Caucasian 47%),
followed by Hispanic/Latino 31%), and Black/African American 6%).
Education and School Enrollment
7% of homeless youth reported being currently in school; of those respondents, 38% plan on
finishing school.
37% of youth survey respondents plan on going to college.
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County of Residency
43% of homeless youth reported living in Monterey County when they became homeless this most
recent time.
v 49% reported staying in the county year round.
31% reported living outside of California when they most recently became homeless.
Morgan ran away from the group home she was living in when she was 14-years-old. Now 22, she calls the streets of Monterey her home.
Morgan primarily sleeps in homeless camps but sometimes stays with friends. She explained that her friends also go through various
stages" of homelessness so isn't always guaranteed that one will be able to give her a place to stay at night. Pursuing her education goals
has not been easy for Morgan. Morgan met many of her current friends at the age of 13, when she started hanging out in the downtown
area. Morgan was drawn to the downtown, explaining that her parents were not around much" and were very strict." She reflects on her
early home life when talking about her early education. Morgan was homeschooled when she lived with her parents. Yet, she reports that
her parents were frequently absent and she often had to teach herself. She completed her high school course work at Pacific Grove Adult
Education. She currently attends Monterey Peninsula College where she is working towards completing her AS degree which she has
nearly completed. She hopes to transfer to Georgetown in Washington, D.C. where some of her family members still reside. Morgan says
she continues to visit with her mom but says she doesn't see her father often because he wants her to join the military, which she says, is
not what I'm about."
Floyd Van De Vere, Youth Service program director at Community Human Services CHS), a local nonprofit that has provided a wide-
range of services to Morgan over the past year. Floyd describes Morgan as. a sweet girl who just wants someone to love and accept her
the way she is."
For more than 20 years, CHS has been serving at-risk, runaway and homeless youth in Monterey County providing counseling, family
reunification, street outreach, transitional supportive housing, and drug and alcohol intervention services. For Morgan CHS has been a
place she goes to for food, clothing, and the comfort of caring people. Of the youth served by CHS, Van De Vere says, They are survivors
who have really good hearts, but are very afraid of rejection and failing." He said seeing smiling faces on homeless youth is what makes
his job rewarding but admits the ultimate reward is helping, a youth who wants off the streets get off the streets."
Other CHS programs include the Family to Family program for foster youth and at-risk families, SuperKids and SuperTeens offering in-
school counseling for emotionally troubled youth, and the Off Main Clinic offering methadone maintenance, counseling and detoxification.
Usual Sleeping Places
45% of homeless youth respondents indicated that they usually slept outdoors on the streets, in
parks, or in encampments) at night, followed by 14% who usually stayed in their vehicles.
5% reported that they did not feel safe in their current living situation.
o 37% reported having moved more than 4 times in the past 3 months.
29% reported having traded sex or drugs for a place to stay.
60 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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HUD Defined Homeless Subpopulations
Figure 42: Where Do You Usually Stay at Night? Homeless Children and Youth, 2011)
Outdoors/streets/parks/encampments
Emergency or other shelter
A structure or indoor area not normally used for sleeping 21.6%
Vehicle 13.7%
Motel/hotel
Other
0%
45.1%
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
N=51
Source: Applied Survey Research. 2017). 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census and Survey. Watsonville, CA.
Primary Cause of Homelessness
One third 33%) of homeless youth survey respondents reported job loss as the primary cause of
their homelessness.
26% of homeless youth survey respondents cited alcohol/drug issues as contributing to their
homelessness.
23% of children and youth have or had homeless parents.
Utilization of Government and Social Assistance
88% of homeless youth reported not receiving any kind of government assistance.
8% were receiving Food Stamps.
The most commonly cited services used by homeless youth were free meals 46%), food pantries
14%), bus passes 6%), and alcohol and drug counseling 6%).43 Forty-four percent 44%) of
homeless youth indicated that they were not using any non-governmental services.
24% of homeless youth reported not using any youth specific services.
The most commonly cited current needs of homeless children and youth were food 80%),
dental care 51 %), showers 49%), and transportation 46%).
When asked what would help to get them off the streets, 76% of homeless youth responded
job training/employment.
Social Support Networks
51 % of youth reported living with other individuals.
39% of youth reported living with a significant other and 39% reported living with their
street family.
as These responses were not mutually exclusive.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 61
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2?u�HUD Defined Homeless Subpopulations 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
37% of youth survey respondents reported having stayed 4 or more nights with friends or
family in the two weeks prior to the survey.
56% of homeless youth reported having 4 or more people in the group they regularly hung out
with.
21% reported not having anyone to hang out with.
54% of homeless youth reported having an adult in the community they could trust.
The majority of youth reported this person was a friend, an additional 10% knew them
from work or a drop-in center.
58% of youth reported having interacted with police or sheriffs Never" or Rarely" since
becoming homeless.
Physical Health and Wellbeing
68% of youth reported their general health was good or very good.
0% of survey respondents indicated they were in poor physical health.
23% reported having spent 4 or more days in the emergency room in the past year.
Mental Health and Wellbeing
30% of homeless youth survey respondents reported having a mental illness.
41% reported depression and 10% reported suffering from PTSD.
10% of youth reported having sought formal counseling services through government,
church or youth programs.
Experiences with Violence
30% of youth survey respondents reported their safety had been threatened 1 or more times in the
past 30 days.
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
42% of youth reported alcohol or drug abuse.
58% of youth reported their parents abused drugs or alcohol when they were children.
58% reported marijuana was their primary drug of choice.
50% reported alcohol was their primary drug of choice.
25% reported using drug or alcohol to get through the day.
81% reported using drug or alcohol because they enjoyed it.
62 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2@u�2011 San Benito County Homeless Census and Survey
The 2011 San Benito County Homeless Census and Survey is the first Point-in-Time conducted in San
Benito County. In partnership with the Monterey County Continuum of Care, San Benito County has
worked in conjunction with Applied Survey Research ASR) to conduct the 2011 Homeless Census and
Survey. As this is a pilot year for San Benito County the methodology and approach to the project differs
from that of the preceding report.
The 2011 San Benito County Homeless Census was performed using the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development HUD) recommended practices for counting homeless individuals. This study included
a field enumeration of homeless individuals residing in San Benito County on January 26th 2011. This field
enumeration differed from the Monterey County census as it was based on jurisdiction rather than individual
census tracts. In order to generate basic profiles of homeless individuals in San Benito County 41 surveys
of were conducted in the three weeks following the census. The San Benito County survey was based upon
that of Monterey County so that these data were comparable. Data from this survey sample revealed more
detailed information about the population. The research design relied on self-described and self-defined
responses, which is an approved method in homeless research due to the limitations in connecting homeless
individuals to their clinical profiles.
Demographics
193 homeless individuals were counted
during the 2011 Point-in-Time count.
Itisestimated that401 persons experience
homelessness in San Benito County on an
annual basis.
61% of those enumerated were residing
in transitional or emergency shelters
on the night of January 25th 2011. The
remaining 39% were unsheltered, living
on the street, in vehicles or encampments.
Many of the homeless individuals in San
Benito County were white, males between
the ages of 30 and 40.
1. An individual who lacks a fixed, regular,
and adequate nighttime residence, and
2. An individual who has a primary nighttime
residence that is:
A supervised publicly or privately
operated shelter designed to provide
temporary living accommodations; or
An institution that provides a
temporary residence for individuals
intended to be institutionalized; or
A public or private place designed
for, or ordinarily used as, a regular
sleeping accommodation for human
beings
More than half of homeless
respondents were male 24 of 42), while 18 respondents were female.
The majority of survey respondents were either White/Caucasian 10 of 15), or identified as
Hispanic or Latino 23 of 39). Three respondents were two or more races, one was Black/
0 Applied Survey Research, 2011 61
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Au�Executive Summary 2011 San Benito County Homeless Census and Survey
African American, and one respondent identified as other."
Half 19 of 39) of all respondents were between 31 50 years old.
Residency
Most 33 of 42) respondents were already living in San Benito County when they most recently
became homeless.
Primary Causes of Homelessness
More than half 22 of 39) of survey respondents cited job loss as the primary cause of their
homelessness.
15% 6 of 39) respondents cited alcohol or drug use as the primary cause of their homelessness.
Duration of Homelessness
More than half 24 of 42) of respondents indicated this was the first time they had experienced
homelessness
Eleven respondents had been without permanent housing for twelve or more months.
The majority 26 of 42) of respondents have been homeless for six months or less.
Nearly half of respondents 18 of 37) indicated that since they most recently became homeless,
they had needed medical care but were unable to receive it.
Some respondents 3 of 40) indicated they were experiencing chronic health problems.
Government Benefits and Assistance
Most all but 1) survey respondents indicated they were receiving some form of government
assistance.
Virtually all 38 of 39) respondents indicated that they were receiving one or more forms of
government assistance.
A large majority 33 of 39) respondents were receiving Food Stamp, more than half 23 of 39)
were receiving Medi-Cal, and eleven 11) received Cash Aid/CaIWORKS.
Chronic
One in five 8 of 40) homeless individuals were chronically homeless.
An individual or family residing in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven or in an emergency
shelter that also:
Has been continually homeless for one year or more; or
Has experienced four or more episodes of homelessness within the past 3 years
Has an adult head of household with diagnosable substance use disorder, serious mental illness,
developmental disability, post traumatic stress disorder, cognitive impairments resulting from trauma,
or chronic physical illness or disability, including the co-occurrence of 2 or more of those conditions
62 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Bu�2011 San Benito County Homeless Census and Survey
Veterans
Two of 40 survey respondents ages 18 and older
indicated that they were veterans of the United States
Armed Forces in 2011
One out of two homeless veterans were unsheltered
in 2011.
Homeless families
are defined as those Families and Children
currently living with at
least one child under the
age of 18 years.
Executive Summary
Someone who has served on
active duty in the Armed Forces
of the United States. This does
not include inactive military
reserves or the National Guard
unless the person was a called
up to active duty.
Many respondents 13 of 42) indicated that they had at least one
child under the age of 18 living with them.
Due to the small survey sample size, the above data does not meet the criteria for a minimum number
of respondents to achieve stable value. However, this data does provide a rough picture of the homeless
population in San Benito County.
The homeless population in San Benito County is smaller than that of Monterey County but this should not
diminish the challenges faced by those confronting homelessness in San Benito County. As a pilot project,
the survey and census provide valuable data for the future efforts of San Benito County and the Coalition of
Homeless Service Providers. On January 25th, 2011, 61 % of the homeless population in San Benito County
was housed. However, the majority of those individuals were housed in the emergency winter shelter. In
April when the winter shelter closes, those individuals will be forced to find other living arrangement.
National reports reveal that one of the fastest growing segments of the homeless population is families with
children. Families, single mothers, and children make up the largest group of people who are homeless in
rural areas.' Though the percentage is unstable, roughly 31% of homeless survey respondents met HUDs
definition of family. This number is of particular importance when we consider families are one of the
subpopulations that is difficult to count and is often under reported.
It is hoped that the data presented in this report will be used by planning bodies of San Benito County to
inform additional outreach, service planning, and policy decision-making to extend the limited homeless
services in the area to those in need.
Vissing, Y. M. 1996). Out of sight, out of mind: Homeless children and families in small-town America. Lexington: University Press of
Kentucky.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 63
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Du�Conclusion 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
The 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey were performed using HUD-
recommended practices for counting the homeless population. This important effort provided valid and
useful data regarding the homeless population in Monterey County. The 2011 enumeration built upon the
2007 and 2009 efforts and continued the compilation of comparable multi-year data on the experience of
homelessness in Monterey County. Continued use of this methodology will enable the tracking of key
indicators and gauge the changing conditions experienced by homeless individuals and families
throughout the County.
Findings from the 2011 Monterey County Homeless Census reveal an increase in the homeless population
in the county from 2,407 in 2009 to 2,507 in 2011. Increased efforts to reach unaccompanied homeless
children and youth led to an increase in the number homeless individuals under the age of 25 included in
the 2011 count, including 97 unaccompanied homeless children. In 2011, as in 2009, the Homeless
Census provided a more comprehensive view of homelessness through the inclusion of supplemental data
from sources including the county jail and the Monterey County Office of Education.
Homeless Survey results suggest that the characteristics of the homeless population in Monterey County
have remained relatively stable since 2009. Slight differences emerged in participants' employment status,
government benefits received, locations where participants stay at night, the age of the homeless
population, and the number of individuals who were experiencing homelessness for the first time.
This 2011 report also includes data from San Benito County. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development is encouraging Continuum of Care coverage nationwide in order to achieve improved
coordination of services, more efficient resource allocation, and regional planning to address
homelessness. San Benito County will be merging with the Salinas/Monterey County Continuum of Care
in 2011 and the 2011 Homeless Census and Survey will mark the start of San Benito County's inclusion
in the Biannual Point-in-Time counts.
It is hoped that the data presented in this report will be used by the planning bodies of Monterey County,
San Benito County and other organizations to inform additional outreach, service planning, and policy
decision-making over the next two years as they continue to address homelessness. It is also hoped that
this report will be disseminated to other jurisdictions and educational research institutions in order to gain
feedback on the methodologies used and results obtained for the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties
Homeless Census and Survey. By sharing and evaluating this enumeration effort and its results, the
homeless support network in Monterey and San Benito Counties will be better able to produce
constructive and innovative solutions to a problem that clearly affects many people in the community.
67 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Eu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix I: Homeless Census and Survey Methodology
Overview
The purpose of the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey was to produce
a Point-in-Time estimate of the number of people in Monterey County and San Benito County who
experience homelessness. The results of each counties street count were combined with the results from
their shelter count to produce the total number of homeless people in each county. A more detailed
description of the methodology used for the homeless census and survey follows.
Components of the Homeless Count Method
The census methodology had two components:
The street count an enumeration of unsheltered homeless individuals.
The shelter and institution count an enumeration of sheltered homeless individuals.
Street Count Methodology
Definition
For the purposes of this study, the HUD definition of an unsheltered homeless person was used: someone
who is either living on the streets, or in a vehicle, encampment, abandoned building, unconverted garage,
or any other place not normally used or meant for human habitation.
Research Design
Monterey County covers approximately 3,771 square miles while San Benito County is 1,389 square
miles.44 The logistics for conducting a Point-in-Time street count of homeless people in an area this large
required significant enumeration efforts. The purpose of the early morning street count was to conduct a
complete enumeration of unsheltered homeless people within the 24 hour period required by HUD. The
unsheltered and sheltered homeless counts were coordinated to occur within the same time period in order
to minimize potential duplicate counting of homeless persons.
Volunteer and Worker Recruitment
An enumeration effort of this magnitude can only be successful with the assistance of those who possess
an intimate knowledge of the activities and locations of homeless people. Therefore, the recruitment and
training of homeless people to work as enumerators was an essential part of the street count methodology.
Previous research has shown that homeless people, teamed with staff members from homeless service
agencies, can be part of a productive and reliable work force.
To work on the street count, prospective enumerators were required to attend a one-hour information and
training session. Three training sessions were held at multiple locations throughout the county during the
week prior to the street count. These sessions were attended primarily by homeless persons, staff from
homeless service agencies, and staff from Monterey and San Benito Counties. The techniques and
44 U.S. Census Bureau. 2009). State and County Quick Facts.
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Fu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix I: Homeless Census and Survey Methodology
methods used to identify and enumerate unsheltered homeless persons were reviewed during these
training sessions.
Homeless persons who completed the required training session were paid $10.00 on the morning they
reported to work for the street count. Homeless workers were also paid $10.00 per hour for their work on
the count, and were reimbursed for any expenses mainly transportation costs) they incurred during the
hours they worked.
Street Count Teams
On the mornings of the census, two-person teams were created to enumerate designated areas of the
county for the street count. A team was ideally composed of one volunteer and one homeless person who
had attended a training and information session. Given the expertise each team member brought to
working in the field, the volunteer/homeless worker" teamwork concept was especially beneficial for the
street count.
Street count teams were provided with census tract maps of their assigned areas, census tally sheets, a
review of the census training documents and techniques, and other supplies. Prior to deployment,
volunteers and workers were provided with a reminder of how to enumerate thoroughly without
disturbing homeless people or anyone else encountered during the street census. Over the course of the
morning, all census tracts in Monterey County were enumerated. The approach to the pilot census in San
Benito County was slightly different, focusing on counts by jurisdiction.
Safety Precautions
Every effort was made to minimize potentially hazardous situations. Precautions were taken to prepare a
safe environment in all deployment centers. Law enforcement districts were notified of pending street
count activity in their jurisdictions. No official reports were received in regards to unsafe or at-risk
situations occurring during the street count in any area of the County.
Street Count Deployment
Since it was necessary to conduct the enumeration within a 24 hour period, Monterey County was divided
into four targeted areas: North County, South County, and Mid-County which was divided into east and
west. Targeted teams conducted the census counts in North and South County so that they would not have
to travel to the centralized deployment centers. For the two counties, Monterey and San Benito, there
were four central deployment locations based in Hollister, Salinas, San Juan Bautista, and Seaside.
The enumeration effort was conducted between the hours of 5:30 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. This early morning
enumeration strategy was selected in order to avoid duplicate counting of sheltered homeless persons and
to increase the visibility of the street homeless.
Volunteers and coalition staff used personal or agency vehicles to transport homeless workers and
volunteers to and from assigned census tracts although some homeless workers did provide their own
transportation). All accessible streets, roads, and highways in the enumerated tracts were traveled by foot,
bike, or car. Homeless persons were counted and tallied on team tally sheets see Appendix II).
Homeless enumerators were also instructed to include themselves on their tally sheets for the street count,
if they were not going to be counted by a shelter or institutional census.
Upon their return, teams turned in their census tally forms and were debriefed by the deployment captains.
Observational comments and the integrity of the enumeration effort were reviewed and assessed. This
review was primarily done to check for double-counting i.e., counting a family as both family members
and individuals) and to verify that every accessible road within the assigned area was enumerated.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 69
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Gu�Appendix I: Homeless Census and Survey Methodology 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
No direct contact with enumerated homeless people was made during the census enumeration. To avoid
potential duplicate counting of unsheltered and sheltered homeless persons, it was imperative to
enumerate during the narrow timeframe when sheltered and unsheltered homeless do not co-mingle.
Administering the survey in conjunction with the census would have taken up too much of this narrow
timeframe, thereby increasing the likelihood of duplication between the street and sheltered homeless
counts, and jeopardizing the accuracy of the census. Thus, observation-only enumeration strategies were
employed during the census, and the survey component of this project began after the census was
completed.
Additionally, because unaccompanied youth do not usually co-mingle with the adult homeless population
and tend to be difficult to enumerate, special youth enumeration teams consisting of homeless youth and
homeless youth service providers were formed to enumerate unaccompanied homeless youth. These youth
enumerators were deployed from the Safe Place Drop-In Center and were given a general geographical
area in the county to enumerate rather than specific census tract maps. These teams counted between 2:00
p.m. and 6:00 p.m. when homeless youth are most likely to be visible on the streets. They enumerated
unaccompanied homeless youth under age 18 and 18 to 24-year-old homeless adults who associate in the
same social circles. The teams kept track of the locations where the homeless youth were sighted by
recording the nearest intersection. Compared to the general street census results, the youth teams found
considerably more unaccompanied homeless youth and in locations different from where unaccompanied
youth were found in the morning effort. Therefore the research team felt there was little worry of
duplication. The youth enumerated by these special teams were assigned census tract locations post-facto
and were integrated into the overall countywide enumeration results.
Although any homeless enumeration is vulnerable to an undercount, all of the people, vehicles,
encampments, and abandoned buildings tallied during the Point-in-Time street count were visually
observed by enumerators. By reporting only what was observed, ASR and Monterey County are highly
confident that the street count results are as accurate and as valid as possible. There are no means to
ensure that those enumerated were actually members of the homeless population. However, when
potential enumerators were polled during the training sessions, most trainees, especially homeless
workers, indicated they would have no difficulty in telling the difference between an unsheltered
homeless person and a member of the general public.
Shelter and Institution Count Methodology
Goal
The goal of the shelter and institution S&I) count was to gain an accurate count of the number of
homeless persons who were being temporarily housed in shelters and other institutions across Monterey
County. These data were vital to gaining an accurate overall count of the homeless population and
understanding where homeless persons received shelter.
Data Collection
The basic approach was to identify and contact as many agencies as possible that temporarily house
homeless people and request that those agencies send ASR a count of the number of homeless persons
housed in their programs on the night of January 26, 2011. The support and participation of a broad range
of agencies, both public and private, was needed to complete the shelter and institution count. These
agencies included:
Emergency Shelters
Transitional Housing Programs
Safe Havens
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Supplementary data was collected from secondary sources to include in the report. Although this data
does not meet HUD requirements, it provides a greater overall picture of the homeless population in
Monterey County.
Homeless Census Challenges and Assumptions
Challenges
There are many challenges in any homeless enumeration, especially when implemented in a region as
diverse and large as Monterey and San Benito Counties. While homeless populations are usually
concentrated around city emergency shelters and homeless service facilities, homeless individuals and
families can also be found in suburbs, commercial districts, and outlying county areas that are not easily
accessible by enumerators. Homeless populations include numerous difficult-to-enumerate subsets such
as:
Chronically homeless persons who may or may not access social, health, or shelter services,
Persons living in vehicles who relocate every few days,
Persons who have children and therefore stay under the radar" for fear of having to turn their
children over to Child Protective Services,
Homeless youth, who tend to keep themselves less visible than homeless adults,
Homeless people who live in isolated rural areas, and
Homeless people who sleep in unfit structures.
Census Undercount
For a variety of reasons, homeless persons generally do not want to be seen, and make concerted efforts to
avoid detection. Regardless of how successful the outreach effort is, an undercount of the homeless
population will result, especially of hard-to-reach subpopulations such as unaccompanied youth and
families.
In a non-intrusive, Point-in-Time, visual homeless enumeration, the methods employed, while
academically sound, have inherent biases and shortcomings. Even with the assistance of dedicated
homeless service providers and currently or previously homeless census enumerators, the methodology
cannot guarantee 100% accuracy. Many factors may contribute to missed opportunities, for example:
Homeless individuals often occupy abandoned buildings and other structures unfit for human
habitation.
Homeless youth are suspected to keep a distance from the general homeless population, for their
own safety.
Homeless families with children often seek opportunities to stay on private property, rather than
sleep on the streets, in vehicles, or makeshift shelters.
It can be difficult to identify homeless persons who may be sleeping in vans, cars, or recreational
vehicles.
By counting the minimum number of homeless persons on the streets at a given Point-in-Time, the
homeless census methodology is conservative and therefore most likely results in an undercount of
homeless persons with immigration issues, some of the working homeless, families, and street youth. This
conservative approach is necessary to preserve the integrity of the data collected. Even though the census
is most likely to be an undercount of the homeless population, the methodology employed, coupled with
the homeless survey, is the most comprehensive approach available.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 71
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Iu�Appendix I: Homeless Census and Survey Methodology 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Assumptions of Annual Estimation
The calculations used to project an annual estimate of homelessness are based on two very important
assumptions.
The information gathered by the homeless survey is indicative of responses that would have been
given at any other time during the year and is representative of the general diversity of the study
area's homeless population.
The Point-in-Time census count is reasonably indicative of a count that would have been obtained
at any other time during the year.
Service providers have supported these assumptions by indicating that the demand for services stayed
relatively consistent over time. Additionally, the total number of homeless accessing services does not
fluctuate to a great degree, although the proportion of sheltered versus unsheltered homeless does vary
with the seasons.
Estimates of the number of people who experience homelessness in a given year are important for
planning purposes and HUD reporting requirements. Because many homeless experiences are relatively
short-term i.e., less than a year), it is important to account for this phenomenon when determining the
annual demand for homeless services.
Given the size of the survey sample 520 persons), the statistical reliability of the projections, the
undercount inherent in any homeless census, as well as the use of a HUD-approved annualization
calculation, the project committee and Applied Survey Research have determined that this methodology
was the most complete and accurate of all available approaches.
Survey Methodology
Planning and Implementation
The survey of 520 homeless persons was conducted in Monterey County in order to yield qualitative data
about the homeless community in Monterey County. A similar survey was conducted in San Benito
County with a survey of 42 homeless persons. These data were used for the McKinney-Vento Continuum
of Care Homeless Assistance funding application and are important for future program development and
planning. The survey elicited information such as gender, family status, military service, length and
recurrence of homelessness, usual nighttime accommodations, causes of homelessness, and access to
services through open-ended, closed-ended, and multiple response questions. The survey data bring
greater perspective to current issues of homelessness and to the provision and delivery of services. The
survey findings also provide a measure of the changes in the composition of the homeless population
since 2009.
Surveys were conducted by homeless workers and service provider volunteers who were trained by
Applied Survey Research. Training sessions led potential interviewers through a comprehensive
orientation that included project background information and detailed instruction on respondent
eligibility, interviewing protocol, and confidentiality. Because of confidentiality and privacy issues,
service providers typically conducted the surveys administered within shelters. No self-administered
surveys were accepted in order to maintain a standardized and consistent protocol. Homeless workers
were compensated at a rate of $5.00 per completed survey.
It was determined that survey data would be more easily collected if an incentive gift was offered to
respondents in appreciation for their time and participation. A duffle bag was selected as an incentive to
participate in the survey. The bags were thought to have wide appeal, and could be provided within the
project budget. This approach enabled surveys to be conducted at anytime during the day. The gift proved
to be a great incentive and was widely accepted among survey respondents.
72 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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Survey Sampling
In order to select a random sample of respondents, survey workers were trained to employ a randomized
every third encounter" survey approach. Survey workers were instructed to approach the third person
they encountered whom they considered to be an eligible survey respondent 45 If the person declined to
take the survey, the survey worker could approach the next eligible person they encountered. After
completing a survey, the randomized approach was resumed.
Strategic attempts were made to reach individuals in various geographic locations and of various subset
groups such as homeless youth, minority ethnic groups, military veterans, domestic violence victims, and
families, including recruiting survey workers from these subset groups. As part of the youth homeless
enumeration effort, a team of fifteen homeless youth were trained to administer surveys to other homeless
youth.
Trained homeless interviewers administered surveys to the street" homeless. These workers were used as
interviewers because they were familiar with the conditions, challenges, and likely locations of homeless
persons, and they may therefore be more likely to obtain survey question responses from the homeless
respondents. This peer-to-peer approach may also encourage more candid responses by lessening the
suspicion or apprehension of the respondent and helping to build rapport between the survey worker and
respondent. Interviewers were asked to inquire if the homeless person had already taken the survey, and if
not, if they were willing to do so, knowing there was a thank you" gift at the completion of the survey.
Workers were also asked to remain unbiased at all times, make no assumptions or prompts, keep all
responses anonymous and confidential, and ask all questions, but allow respondents to skip any question
they did not feel comfortable answering.
Surveys were also administered in shelters and transitional housing programs. In order to assure the
representation of transitional housing residents, who can be underrepresented in a street-based survey,
survey quotas were created to reach individuals and heads of family households living in these programs.
Eleven transitional housing facilities throughout Monterey and San Benito Counties, including family-
and youth-focused programs, participated in the survey effort. Typically, program staff conducted those
surveys. The same survey was used in both shelter and street environments.
Data Collection
Care was taken by interviewers to ensure that respondents felt comfortable regardless of the street or
shelter location where the survey occurred. During the interviews, respondents were encouraged to be
candid in their responses and were informed that these responses would be framed as general findings,
would be kept confidential, and would not be traceable to any one individual.
Overall, the interviewers experienced excellent cooperation from respondents. This was likely influenced
by the fact that nearly all of the street interviewers were homeless workers who had previously been, or
were currently, fellow members of the homeless community. Another reason for interview cooperation
may have been the incentive gift, which was given to respondents upon the completion of the interview.
Data Analysis
In order to avoid potential duplication of respondents, the survey requested respondents' initials and date
of birth, so that duplication could be avoided without compromising the respondents' anonymity. Upon
as The survey method of systematically interviewing every nth person encountered in a location is recommended by HUD in
their publication, A Guide to Counting Unsheltered Homeless People, Second Revision, January 2008, p. 37.
Applied Survey Research, 2011
73
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Ku�Appendix I: Homeless Census and Survey Methodology 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
completion of the survey effort, an extensive verification process was conducted to eliminate duplicates.
This process examined respondents' date of birth, initials, gender, ethnicity, and length of homelessness,
and consistencies in patterns of responses to other questions on the survey.
Survey Administration Details
The 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Surveys were administered by the trained
survey team between February 6, 2011 and March 24, 2011.
The sample of valid surveys totaled 520 in Monterey County and 42 in San Benito County.
Survey Challenges and Limitations
The 2011 Monterey County Survey did not include an equal representation of all homeless experiences.
However, in Monterey County based on a Point-in-Time estimate of 2,507 homeless persons, the 520
valid surveys represent a confidence interval of +/- 1.67% with a 95% confidence level when generalizing
the results of the survey to the estimated homeless population in Monterey County. These confidences can
be applied to the survey findings because the survey was randomly administered. In San Benito County
the population size and survey sample represent a confidence interval of +/-5.84% with a 95% confidence
level, however the data does provide some picture of the county's homeless population.
In self-reporting survey research, as was conducted by this survey, there is always some room for
misrepresentation. Since there is no mechanism to separate truth from fiction in survey responses, it is
important to make every effort to elicit the most truthful responses from interviewees. Using a peer
interviewing methodology is believed to allow the respondents to be more candid with their answers, and
may help reduce the uneasiness of revealing personal information. It should be noted that the responses
provided for this survey are consistent based on reviews by service providers who:
Selected reliable interviewers who had completed a comprehensive training, and
Reviewed the surveys and ensured quality responses.
Surveys that were considered incomplete or containing false responses were not accepted, and the
interviewer was not compensated.
74 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Lu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
$R
2011 MONTEREY COUNTY HOMELESS CENSUS
Team Member 1: Deployment Location:
Team Member 2: Deployment Location Phone
Team Member 3: Team Captain:
Map #:
Appendix II: Census Instruments
Date:
or
Tally INDIVIDUALS ONLY in top columns.
4 of Individual Men of Individual Women Undetermined of Individual Youth
Gender cnerl3
Tally FAMILIES ONLY in lower columns. Families are defined as at least one minor
child youth under 12 years) AND one adult male and: or adult female.
Ific:c'Et1:311Ot3S:.lite L_essck_4_!:EEt
Family Units of Men ofW%'ornen Youth r._'ex 1 ea;:
Family L
Family 2
Family 3
Family 4
Family 5
Family 6
When the Number of People are Unknown,
Tally# ofUTHICLESANDENCAMPMENTS ONLYhere
Additional Notes
a of vans or Rvs with, electrical or water
conned
e of encampments with people
if of persons reported by Park Ranger
#0f Abandoned Bulldrgs with people
Applied Survey Research, 2011 75
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Mu�Appendix II: Census Instruments
2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
E E
a a
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76 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Nu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
2011 SAN BENITO COUNTY HOMELESS CENSUS
Team Member 1:
Team Member 2:
Team Member 3:
Deployment Location:
Deployment Location Phone
Team Captain:
Map #f:
Appendix II: Census Instruments
Date:
or
Tally INDIVIDUALS ONLY in top columns.
of[ndts dual Men roflndividual Women Undetermined oflndnidual Youth
Gender underlS
Tally FAMILIES ONLY in lower columns. Families are defined as at least one minor
child! youth under 18 years) AND one adult male and Ior adult female.
tt_aI: 6 families use bay}. f T.eet
Family Umts of Men t ofWomen Youth u.ier
Fam>fy i
Fan>*y 2
Family 3
Family 4
Family 5
Fany6
When the Number of People are Unknown,
Tally xf of VEHICLES AND ENCAMPMENTS ONLYhere
# of vans or RVs with electrical or water
eannectiaau
if of encampments with people
#t of persons reported by Park Ranger
if of Abandoned Mm*WW with people
Additional Notes
a of a
fS
Applied Survey Research, 2011 77
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Ou�Appendix III: Survey Instruments
F 69411539756
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
2011 Monterey County Homeless Survey
REFUSALS
ICI
loalCe um
IlMataew oett:
anworm to am UNDOM"
I-IaNVWM YOUr} MAIN
crW.
Warta MAN: F* MdON
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MGM Day Year
W I I W
OMCE Ise' rOtlre 063) ff7Tx Ice)
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O Mae O remae 0 TranOpetler 0 cow
3. Do you aderf" as tI1plMor Lablta7
O NO O Yes taw to Ieaadan 0
3 rM1wMC pork do you lulnlltyVrrh to moat?
Shade 0 wnm.e,aoam 0 #e' c 1 rrtat511atarl Nam
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O2amaerace
O Padb Isande
0 Oae+
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G Ye, ONO 0 omt nos 0 Dec)ne 1o- shlle
42_ Wale you acMVa@ed. Oft adlve. day, as a menpef at
the Ndkm t Guard or as a
n Yes Ow 0 Da)1 mmw O Deer io sm e
S. Do you sae ion. a'y yarawry7
O Yet pass M e. Tarr 0
ONO
St Do you eve wllh: Shaft as 9harapply)
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0 Peens tea semen 0 Oav
0 sweet twj
C. Do you Mee I" aMaran7
C Yes
C No OW to rw+wuo 7)
601_ Are any of y0ar clMen Craleliy' Ihktg WMb you?
O Ye a No
6b Any" elakbem: S1refa as MaaaPply)
0 is pets a cv Nos IDWY0 0
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0
0
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0 0
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6o. Do you hM W arff c$Id wl 1Mng wlth 0 Ye 0 No
fa yl sends?
7. 701 Hte wth a apoueeL ag Ward olhw or paint. do
On UkWWQ UU1M pressed ft" Isom
nmtItAL-SM wok or houeatg7 snide alt SK apply)
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a SLt throne. ONCOO' 0 knew Iheeao
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0 Poo Tau.aec 95.00 DLmder;;Pr*DtO Nee arwt taco
a. Where do you Um b stay at night? Shoe o wy 11
OlaLeas,'9teetotwts 0 Agate e a Pause No
is V cmvehd Oaage'atGbtsemert napery u0e0 rv>OeeW V
1tlerten, ndna man, aoc_1
O Gad/ad or *o iMSe O Enenee,cp sheter
0 RAGNSACm 0 Plat tatfaes flat smaa
C' Waaaneo bJdre
O Via eoa
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o Canper,W
Oar my vewkVWMAr G
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L
bus dem* low" weer. etc
O 7)01115 MWt9
o Oec*srete
0 cow.
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Afgf oxm~y p~gaw trap
asp S 101P X ersw'
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N Like This-P, o
91s Us the Ikal Mme you Isom bon tKwwlun7
0 Yem OW as auiffiw to
0 No
sa. In the last t2 analbta haw nierwaILM Ime you been
twrheleea, l ynsu,d Mme? Sum Oft 1)
01ere 03hres 05n-es
02530 045 os 060-cs 0horeeaaemes
WX LnMnIut2~1Isolau Iyt*uwAIWAyoMbean
hoanaMeb kaale~g MMt presaM tMie7 Mnife ony t(
0 1We 03aas 05ti
0 2 5-es 0 01 Ares 06b- es 0 Mme eon 6lmes
101 How king heal you been IearrN ee tblda you Nel Mred
in a puma ent ndlablg elbdkin? Sham shy 1)
0 7 dlrs a Ie99 O e nonto O a matfa 0 W Cants
0 s 301 days 0 s monks 09 moms 0 k gars
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03 ncnms O 7 news 0 111,010 a 0 Mote tla+ 3 yens
i 1-Immodmw b IN-you- seaae hoMWse MMS tad am
VMS you:&SPAN slay 1
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you cr Mraoihc
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0 ew Out lim
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0 Lime In of auaad ream
3m ad a arms
0 in a hmeldt
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0 Omme
12. Vahat do you kW* ale Mp saeltb ar oalldMOllt
30
IS t pd b your harn.Ieeapes? Sheds up to
0 Lmw)ot O r4ara"001
0 Lstlbld odd or 00110013 Ivahs 0 U sit or b5bg care
0 L.XC601d rafted nest 0 Otwrs or sepae d
O Amna or ON" 0 Lw[ Talc Oemah surd eJe
0 Imua 0r meiol pldatm 0 LM Iemerrent el61
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0 Lao more asolvee+der
0 Fosptommow tea Cnmt pros. 0 Dort mod
0 OrlLa eta la"" lee-are 0 00-
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becno homsNM7 Shift ohy 11
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0 Olhr Gaily h Calbn9e fatal m Ouaaden 176)
o Outrttewx Bel toawN�sn r3fJ
Haw lolrg Ilea you 111Nd III Ia0r11arey Oolaety bakile
IIa11duM? Aida
0 7 0 4 6 monlrs 0 3- 5 years
00-300M 7.11 cacao O 6. 10 tears
C) e. 3 nerrtrs O 1 2 years L" Marl io yeas
Shcp TO qusade 1.4
lab. What ens taped Y re00 yell 0*115 tO Marrtaey
0010 J 7 isha s rwr) rJ
0 Fa aka! se" axe C wevo Q r dusk
0 1 was tan a ere. i-0 hoc 11 10 or oo Nneeea sC.ic
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O I was Soe of acrd ea strum 0 1 am W cow" D MuCO
I N*led aM deOded b s0 0 amw
I
78 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Qu�Appendix III: Survey Instruments
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2011 San Benito County Homeless Survey
REFUSAL$
0 Oemr
kltomews Your) Nam:
Netphbomood or city
Respondents k9bels: First Mdde Lest
1. Ydpt Is your bilk d ow
Motibt Day Yew
w w
w
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2. 4015 do you NNOV W""
0 Male O F5rwe 0 Tralswnaer 0 Otltr
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Ne O Yes Seep ft 4uesdon N
39. *111011 rar9eYWM Ol do you WIN" WYt the most?
D+W 1)
0 LPMmCaucasar
0 BOWMlcaa Meisel
2 or nine face
4 oats you ewes lewd to the U.9. A MNO Forces?
Yc O No 0 Own know 0 Decsne to some
the Nobone GusM or s ress vW9as a StemDur or
C Yes O No O Daft alarc O Deorle tosat
5. Do you SW alone by yourot)?
0 yes Skip a sua5aon e
ONo
Se. Do you 9w with: Shaw as Mar applyr)
O apduse a adrt$cmt War 0 Oeter'anaf menmmis;.
O CtNatife'ca 0 FrW4 si
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4. Do you have anycti Con?
o!~.'cea
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as. Are any of your chi�an eaadq[ wed wile you?
0 xes 0 No
Gtr. Pt. pow Clalr9en: SIMW all
atat appry)
O 19 years or dryer Hoe 5n5rry8
Oa e years ad Nawww"
1 2 3 4-
0 0 0 0
0 0 C 0
0 6 17 Yeas ad Has KW W? 0 0 0 0
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GQ DO you bow any ratodree in tooter cam?
sae Do you Its" key CiSIdron Yong woe
TanpylblMlde?
O y" OM
O Yes Ow
7. If you M wile a spouse. asp ftenlt oftw, or purer t do
shyer i s eeOVttap cartatana prwwk teem ot55
mantartbg work of teotnrg7 shad ae maappMJ
C DSabwe Pl7fta c1retan 0 W AIDS
O rraswoe amlraor 0 Merin 151e1s
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C Ou00asnaeehtants 0 A pace in a nose 00
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i;Uc tone mom. etc.-
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2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
ICJ
1
MWWOW Dee:
Th 1ks,vis wr: Read a moods &
anawsT'tiee nemowloirm
I I Ponce
t d CreIrs Like Thls-->
Nd Lice This-a v
9. is We the Wet the. you new Dom Itaswleee?
Oyes Mwi*4U*MfwfVj
O P40
9a. be the per 1> now aunt' on" here you been
homeless. 10011da,g title peswnl trite? Whmde chip in
01" 0 3 lima O 5 5mes
0 21r-es O 4 tines O 6 amen O Sayre Olal 5 amen
S. In thl pe(a~~ how.Sey Yap! ow ybw bon
homeles lecledatp hate pmsu18-7 Shadow 3)
01" O 3 tlme3 O rsenea
0.1 t1-es O 4 amen O 6 bites O MAil tllal 6 ems
10. How bong have you Yoe homeless abide you test and
in a pemewd h oleerl8 albeYurt? W-ft wdy 1)
O 7 days w *o O 4 nmPDC OR ma* 0 42 monk
O B 30 dws 0 5 made 0 a mwea 0 1-2 yeas
0 2 mavens O 6 mom" 0 In Cowes 02-3 yeas
0 3 wln
ms 0 7 maSS 0 11 mwnns 0 More VW 3 Aw-
l 1. rmtpdtarly belbea you became homeless title Ise trtu.
use. you: jShad any 1)
0 LMne n a llorrc seined by
you or yci Para'ler
0 ReNrl a name a apaenent
O Sa5110 can mash
O LNna 5101/10001
LNna b stalled mane
0 In 101 ap'adn
0 n a Imaprs
0 In a beaarlee pv0ram
0 In taste Core
0 oiler
12. do you Utah we the evatttn or con.4ijns
test led to ysrtr Mawlorwa? Shade Up a 3)
0 L00 loo 0 aolamdot
O L eohad sonw sloppedfer550 O Rasa alitartser515
0 La'5ad rased nwt
0Nasala or 5110 sae
0 IPle or mesa pdbtern
0 14ereal hem tSn5
O Famryr daneaac b01er"
0 Loa! a-mmr
0 HmptWWOM eerkla rt ease
0 calucl heel 10^Arfanaaerat
0 Drace a sepasa f
0 Lave Nave stolen SRCasee
0 LOU renernert arwnes
0 ores rarasu dwash 1051 hood
0 Fwa OW. bre5sa
0 Dart Wow
0 OOW__
13. tutee. were you Mho 81: t w Mme you most rtloealy
bsOeat Noslelese7 Seed only n
0 sal saw owes
0 Oster CALM* h curomla Bale 510 4attrtn tat!
O Out or sate r355i to seisms 13N
1351 How long bad you dead to man 6.140 county bwm
becotttbg NOWANea? Share only 1)
0 7days or 1156 04-6 morels 0 3-5 yews
C,5-3nd l O7.1I'dells
O 6 in years
C; 1- 3 myala O 1- 2 yeas 0 Mae nm In Years
Sale w tplasaan 1t)
boll! was um J~9pt roasOn y u taus w sae 055150
O Plitiec Kfaea Oran Sawn 130.
burs deed. 75510 caner. eat.: County? Shade only 1)
0 TfaeFana n0usm O ar a tin 0CLYay ruts
O Other mesa 0 was bore or weal 151 hero
O Outer
O Dr,Conpm00
Man mar,poaeale he see.
0 3\'!501" Cyf115!
r a To access 1 10 0S0 tefR@.
O 1.9r'e lip am,af mends see sere 0 15as hated Out at'TP
Prewom ca-Raft
0 vas7715545 sad eat 110104 0 1 am lust parr-t'0 1N4145t
f sled as de0dedb Oar C p5 er
80 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Su�Appendix III: Survey Instruments 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
82 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Tu�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County) 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
1. Age
Rest
Less than 13 years
13
18
22
31
41 17 years
21 years
30 years
40 years
50 years 2
48
102
110
128 0.4%
9.4%
20.1%
21.7%
25.2%
51-
More than 60 years
26
5.1%
Total 508 100.0%
2. How do you identify yourself?
Re
Male 318 61.2%
Female 198 38.1%
Transgender 3 0.6%
Other 1 0.2%
Total 520 100.0%
3. Do you identify as Hispanic or Latino?
Res Percew
Yes 192 36.9%
No 328 63.1%
Total 520 100.0%
3a. Which racial/ethnic group do you identif y with the most?
Wh Ca
Black/African American
32
10.9%
2 of 17, 5.8%
American Indian/Alaskan Native 10 3.4%
Pacific IsimmW 8 2.7%
Asian 8 2.7%
5.1%
Total 293 100.0%
83 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Uu�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
4. Have you ever served in the U. S. Armed Forces? Respondents ages 18 and older)
Re
Yes 68 13.2%
No 440 85.4%
Don't know 1 0.2%
Decline to state 6 1.2%
Total 515 100.0%
4a. Were you activated, into active duty, as a member of the National Guard or as a Reservist
Res
Yes
No
Don't know
Decline to state
Total
sift
13
463
1
38
Fle
2.5%
89.9%
0.2%
7.4%
100.0%
Multiple response question with 50 respondents offering 50 responses.
5. Do you live alone by yourself)?
Yes
No
Total
5a. Do you live with:
Respom
Spouse,or parer
Child/children
Fri s)
Street family
P or
Other family members
515
329
191
520
Pmew
63.3%
36.7%
100.0%
Mtrit/pie response question with 185 respondents offering 209 responses.
6. Do you have any children
P*Mt
Yes
No 258
262 49.6%
50.4%
Total 520 100.0%
6a. Are any of your children currently living with you?
F
Yes
No 65
186 25.9%
74.1%
Total 251 100.0%
84 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Vu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
6b. Are your children?
Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
Response Perot
18 years or older 124 48.4%
0-5 years old 83 32.4%
6-17 years old 108 42.2%
Multiple response question with 256 respondents offering 375 responses
6b1. How many children do you have that are 18 years or older?
Response Fr! Pero
One child 38 33.9%
Two children 36 32.1%
Three children 24 21.4%
Four or more children 14 12.5%
Total 112 100.0%
6b2. How many children do you have that ar e 0-5?
PWCW
One child 38 51.4%
Two children 25 33.8%
Three children 11 14.9%
Four or more children 0 0.0%
Total 74 100.0%
W. How many children do you have that are 6-17?
ReWW"
One child 62 57.9%
Two children 29 27.1%
Three children 11 10.3%
Four or more children 5 4.7%
Total 107 100.0%
6c. If your children are between ages 6 and 17 and living with you, are they enrolled in school?
l Poceft
Yes 93 100.0%
No 0 0.0%
Total 100.0%
6d. Do you have any children in foster care?
ee t
Yes 11 4.5%
No 231 95.5%
Total 242 100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 85
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Wu�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
6e. Do you have any children living with family/friends?
F p4tow
Yes 88 36.4%
No 154 63.6%
Total 242 100.0%
7. If you live with a spouse, significant other or parent, do any of the following conditions prevent them
from maintaining work or housing.
Ri 1 IT 177M
mentateness, 11.3%
Disabling physical condition 6 8.5%
Substance addiction
Developmental disability
2
2.8%
Domestic ViDWM 1
HIV/AIDS 1.4%
Post T 0,a
None of the above 52 73.2%
j4144tir>le response question with 71 respondents offering 74 responses.
8. Where do you usually stay at night?
R
MT'
3y
i::
Emergency shelter
87
17.0%
Automobfle 21
A place in a house not normally used for sleeping 18 3.5%
kitchen, living room, etc.)
TransiVortafhousing
69,
13;5%
Other shelter 10 2.0%
Motel/hotell 38 7.4%
Camper/RV 22 4.3%
Encampment 26 A"M
Van 30 5.9%
Public bus 460* 4
Unconverted garage/attic/basement 13 2.5%
Abandoned building 10 2.0%
Backyard or storage structure 20 3.9%
Other 15 2.9%
Total 512 100.0%
86 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Xu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
9. Is this the first time you have been homeless?
Response
Yes 224 43.1%
No 296 56.9%
Total 520 100.0%
9a. In the last 12 months how many times have you been homeless, including this present time?
3eV
one tune
2 times
4 times
5'
6 times
M0M1#W6-#W
Total
Fr
515
Percent
67.2%
14.0%
5.6%
2.5%
1.9%
1.0%
7.0%
100.0%
9b. In the last 3 years how many times have you been homeless, including this present time?
R
One 287 55.7%
2 times 73 14.2%
3 43 8.3%
4 times 23 4.5%
5tlmes 14 2.7%
6 times 10 1.9%
05 12.6%
Total 515 100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 87
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Yu�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County) 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
10. How long have you been homeless since you last lived in a permanent housing situation?
7 days or less
8 30 days
15
3.0%
2 months 30, 59%
3 months 17 3.4%
4 months 4
5 months 13 2.6%
6 months 4~
7 months 23 4.5%
8 months 44%
9 months 5 1.0%
10 months
11 months
16
3.2%
12 months
1-2 years
64
12.6%
2-3 years 48 8'.;
More than 3 years 161 31.8%
Total 506 100.0%
11. Immediately before you became homeless this last time, were you living:
Rey
Ina n
With relatives
112
21.8%
With'f nds 37=
In a home owned by you/partner 33 6.4%
In a treatment facility
In jail or prison
36
7.0%
In subsidized housing 12
In a hospital 2 0.4%
Foster care 1 02%
Other 26 5.1%
Total 514 100.0%
88 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2Zu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
12. What do you think is the primary event or condition that led to your homelessness?
Resse
Lost job
Alcohol or drug use
Lost Income
Landlord sold/stopped renting or re-used property
Cont + /
Mental health issues
Illness or esadi
Landlord raised rent
Farm`'.
Divorced or separated
I~
Lost home through foreclosure
Natural disastertfire/flood etc.
Lost retl art
Aging out of foster care
F
For
Other
Don't + to
44.3%
38.9%
25.2%
2.0%
15.4%
9.8%
5.9%
6.1%
12,1�
8.2%
1O0!-
2.9%
1.8%
0.0%
1.4%
0.4%
0 9b
2.9%
Multiple response question with 512 respondents offering 977 responses.
13. Where were you living at the time you most recently became homeless?
F
Monterey County 373 72.0%
Other county in California 91 17.6%
Out of state 54 10.4%
Total 518 100.0%
13a. If you had been living in Monterey County, how long had you lived in the County before becoming
homeless?
7 days*
8 30 days
1
1-3 monft
4-6 months
7
7-11 months 7
1-2 years 17
3-5 years 33
6-10 years 44
More #W W 2,31
Total 353
2.3%
0.3%
1.4%
2.0%
2.0%
4.8%
9.3%
12.5%
15.4%
100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011
89
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2[u�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County) 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
13b. What is the primary reason you came to Monterey County?
R
For a.job
I was born or grew up here
*
My familly0oftawhm
I was traveling and got stranded
To access homeless services
I was out of y t
I am just passing through
W ddmate
Other
Total
4
16
21
14
9
12
t
5
138
aril
2.9%
It f%
15.2%
ION
6.5%
8.7%
3.6%
100.0%
14. What is keeping you from getting permanent housing?
Re$PGM
Can't afford rent
No job/no income
No money for moving-costs
No transportation
Bad credit
No housing availability
C
Eviction record
Don't want to
They will not accept my pet
Other
Multiple response question with 4.95 respondents offering 7,738 responses.
15. Are you currently employed?
R
e:e Pam"
No, unemployed 453 87.6%
Yes, part-time 51 9.9%
Yes, full-time 13 2.5%
Total 517 100.0%
15a. How long have you been unemployed
R
fte"
6 months or less 35 8.3%
6 months to 1 year 69 16.3%
1 year or longer 320 75.5%
Total 424 100.0%
90 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2\u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
15b. What is keeping you from getting employment?
Rem
No jobs
Alcohol/drug issue
No phone
No transportation
Need traini
Need clothing
Nope.
Need education
Nos w
Criminal record
Nioto*
Health problems
No tali
Don't want to work
D'
Mental health issues
No cue
No work permit No S.S. #)
ReW
Spouse/partner doesn't want me to work
O #W
34.7%
27.3%
26.8%
26.8%
26.0%
24.6%
23.5%
22.6%
20.1 %
14.1%
12.8%
11.4%
11.2%
9.8%
8.5%
Multiple response question with 447 respondents offering 1, 430 responses.
16. What are your other sources of income
dv
Recydb 176
Panhandling/asking for money on the street 141
Fartrffrleiiis 105
Selling other found items 84
Sex�
Child support
16
P 10
Selling blood/plasma 9
102
Multiple response question with 437 respondents offering 676 responses.
40.3%
32.3%
24.0%
19.2%
7.6%
3.7%
2.3%
2.1%
23,3%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 91
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2]u�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County) 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
17. Are you currently using any of the following services/assistance?
R e
Mee
Food pantry
Emergency she
Transitional housing
S
Health services
Buspasses
Mental health services
gcou sell
Job training
Legal assistance
Other
Not give
25.1%
rlb
16.4%
11.7%
7.0%
13.8%
8.6%
6B%
2.1%
0.6%
multiple response question with 573 respondents offering 965 responses.
18. Are you currently receiving any of the following forms of government assistance?
Res
Food,SWSMS
Medi-Cal /Medicare
General assistance
Cash AACWWORKS
WIC
VAds n
Social Security
Veteran`s benefits
Other governmental assistance
I amr cuffen4
n, lu;tiple response question with 509 respondents offering 773 responses.
12.8%
9.0%
3.1%
%
t.
1.8%
2.9%
4.7%
92 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2^u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
19. If you are not receiving any government assistance, why not?
Rest
Never.
Don't think I'm eligible
Have no identification
No permanent address
Paper work too d0foult
Don't know where to go
11'
No transportation
Don't'nWd
Immigration issues
T
Benefits were cut off
t
and I 4~
I am afraid my children will be taken away from me
Otl
pemw
19.3%
22.2%
26.3%
13.3%
7.3%
2.8%
1.3%
12.7%
10.8%
7.3%
3.5%
4.4�
1.3%
7.3%
Multiple response question with 316 respondents offering 469 responses.
20. What is your total gross) monthly income from all non-government sources?
If,
Ir
Zero 40.6%
$1-$150 85 16.6%
$1514' 79 15.4�16
$251-$500 61 11.9%
1-$4", 44 8.6%6
$1,001-$1,500 18 3.5%
$1 501 2.1%
Over $2,000 6 1.2%
Total 512 100.0%
21. What is your total gross) monthly income from all Government sources?
Zero
$1-$150
$1514250
$50144
$1,001-$1,500
$1,50
Over $2,000
PeMUK
49:T%
6.6%
17.5%
8.3%
13.2%
3.3%
1.4%
0.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 93
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2_u�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County) 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Total 515 100.0%
22. Do you have a pet?
Yes 72 13.8%
No 448 86.2%
Total 520 100.0%
22a. Do they prevent you from receiving housing?
ft Z> 1--
Yes 22 31.4%
No 48 68.6%
Total 70 100.0%
23. Do you have a working cell phone?
PAM"
Yes 241 49.1%
No 250 50.9%
Total 491 100.0%
24. How often do you use the internet?
R
r c
At least once a week 159 31.4%
At least once a month 47 9.3%
Sometimes 134 26.4%
Never 167 32.9%
Total 507 100.0%
25. Since becoming homeless have you needed medical care and been unable to receive it?
Res
Yes
No
se
F
l[
POWK
26.3%
73.7%
100.0%
Total
26. Do you currently need any of these services?
Resjxmp
Derma Care
Medical Care
Eye Care
Mental Health Services
Sub T rtt
I11uItiple response question with 394 respondents offering 846 responses.
134
375
509
66.2%
43.1%
15.0%
12.7%
94 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2`u�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
27. How many times in the last 12 months have you used the emergency room for any treatment?
Res
New
1 time
2 times
3 times
4 times
5 times
More Om,6, times
Total
L
110
51
23
8,
15
11
500
Poew
22.0%
102%
4.6%
1.6%
3.0%
22%
100.0%
28. Do you or have you received mental health services or medication for your mental health in the past
12 months?
R
Yes relIPOW
104
20,0%
No 416 80.0%
Total 520 100.0%
28a. Do you have trouble accessing those services
R F"400"'- Perew
Yes l
30 30.3%
No 69 69.7%
Total 99 100.0%
28b. Have you been hospitalized for emotional problems in the past 12 months?
Res Percent
Yes
No 33
67 33.0%
67.0%
Total 100 100.0%
29. Were you ever in foster care?
Re Pement
Yes
No 49
442 10.0%
90.0%
Total 491 100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 95
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2au�Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
30. Are you currently experiencing any of the following?
R
30b. Mental Illness
30c.
n
30d. Alcohol/Drug Abuse
30e. sir Vence
30f. Chronic Health Problems
30g. X11 V 4ne
30h. Tuberculosis
30i. Hepabbs C
30j. PTSD
30 k: bity
20.0%
345%
37.5%
13,4%
2.4%
65%0
8.2%
Zrt~�ik
31. How many nights, if any, have you spent in jail or prison during the last 12 months?
R ee F
0 nights
1-5 nights
6-10 nights
11-20 nights
21-50 nights
More than 50
95
15
22
26-
21
18.7%
110%
4.3%
4.1%
Total 508 100.0%
32. Are you currently on probation or parole?
4
Yes 114 22.3%
No 397 77.7%
Total 511 100.0%
33. Were you on probation or parole at the time you most recently became homeless?
Re
Yes
No 106
405 20.7%
79.3%
Total 511 100.0%
96 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2bu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix IV: Overall Survey Results Monterey County)
34. How many tickets have you received for parking violations, loitering, trespassing or camping in the
past 12 months?
R
Never 1 73.3
1 Ticket 64 12.6%
2 Tickets 30 5.9%
3 Tickets 13 2.6%
4 Tickets 7 1.4%
5 Tickets 6 1.2%
More tt 5 Teter 15 3.0%
Total 506 100.0%
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2cu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
1. Age
R
Less. 13 yes
13-17 years
18-21 years
22-30 years
31.40 yea
41-50 years
51-60 years
More than 60 years
Total
0.0%
39
2. How do you identify yourself?
R
Male
Female
Transgender
Other
Total
3. Do you identify as Hispanic or Latino?
R
Yes
No
Total
25.6%
17.9%
4013%
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
57'x%
42.9%
0.0%
0.0%
42
rt
59.0%
41.0%
100.0%
23
16
39
3a. Which racial/ethnic group do you identify with the most?
Rs
White/Caian 10
Black/African American
2 or more rates
American Indian/Alaskan Native
0
Asian 0
Pacific Islander 0
Total 15
4. Have you ever served in the U.S. Armed Forces?
Response I E Cy I Pewwt
Applied Survey Research, 2011
6.7%
20.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
6.7%
100.0%
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2du�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
Yes
No
D�n't knr
Decline to state
Total
2
38
1
0
41
4.9%
92.7%
2.4%
0.0%
100.0%
4a. Were you activated, into active duty, as a member of the National Guard or as a reservist?
Res F pla"M
Yes 00%
No 37 94.9%
Don't lam 2 5.1%
Decline to state 0 0.0%
Total 39 100.0%
5. Do you live alone by yourself)?
Ri
Yes 16 38.1%
No 26 61.9%
Total 42 100.0%
5a. Do you live with:
R
16 64.0%
Child/children 14 56.0%
Street 4 1fi0%
Parent or legal guardian 3 12.0%
O#h� s}w 2 8.0%
Friend(s) 1 4.0%
der' 0 0.
Multiple response question with 25 respondents offering 40
6. Do you have any children?
lb responses.
NOW*
Yes 31 73.8%
No 11 26.2%
Total 42 100.0%
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2eu�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County) 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
6a. Are any of your children currently living with you?
Rib V171
Yes
No 15
14
Total 29
6b. Are your children:
R
18 years or older
0-5 years old
6-17 years old 10
20
13
51.7%
48.3%
100.0%
32.3%
64.5%
41.9%
Multiple response question with 31 respondents offerinq 43
6b1. How many children do you have that are
Re responses.
18 years or old
er?
One child 57.1%
Two children 3 42.9%
Three ch#dren 0 0.06
Four or more children 0 0.0%
Total 7 100.0%
6b2. How many children do you have that are 0-5 years old?
R se
One child
Two children
Three children
Four or more children
10
1 AWW
58.8%
5.9%
Total 17 100.0%
W. How many children do you have that are 6-17 years old?
Res rise
One child
Two children
Three children
Four or more children
4
0
1
33.3%
0.0%
8.3%
Total 12 100.0%
100 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2fu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
6c. Are you children aged 6 17 years old in school?
Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
Response 1 F
Yes
No 12
0 100.0%
0.0%
Total 12 100.0%
6d. Do you have any children in foster care?
Res
peroft
Yes
No 0
31 0.0%
100.0%
Total 31 100.0%
6e. Do you have any children living with fam ily/friends?
Pere"
Yes
No 8
23 25.8%
74.2%
Total 31 100.0%
7. If you live with a spouse, significant other or parent, do any of the following conditions prevent them
from maintaining work or housing?
Raiff
gob"
Substance addiction
Post T
Mental illness
Devebp
Domestic violence
None of the above
Multiple response question with 78 respondents offering 20 responses.
55:6%
5.6%
5.6%
5,6%
5.6%
0.0%
0.0%
83.3%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 101
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2gu�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
8. Where do you usually stay at night?
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Emergency s e 5T %
Other shelter 6 15.0%
Trar 7.6
Automobile 2 5.0%
A ply< n a>
Outdoors/streets/parks
1
2.5%
Enc 26%
Unconverted garage/attic/basement 0 0.0%
Backyard nor storage stture 0 0L%
Abandoned building 0 0.0%
Moteilhotel
Public facilities
0
0.0%
Van 0 00%
Camper/RV 0 0.0%
Other 5.e%
Total 40 100.0%
9. Is this the first time you have been homele ss?
moo",
Yes 24 57.1%
No 18 42.9%
Total 42 100.0%
9a. In the last 12 months how many times have you been homeless, including this present time?
Resl of,
1 time SIX
2 times 10 23.8%
3 times 2 4.8%
4 times 0 0.0%
5 times 0 0.0%
6 times 0 0.0%
more than fr 2 4.8%
Total 42 100.0%
102 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2hu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
9b. In the last 3 years how many times have you been homeless, including this present time?
Res
I time 59.5%
2 times 8 19.0%
3 titres 3 7.1%
4 times 2 4.8%
5 times 0 0.0%
6 times 1 2.4%
More than 6 7.1%
Total 42 100.0%
10. How long have you been homeless since you last lived in a permanent housing situation?
7 da
8 30 days
2mo.
3 months
4 months
5 months
7 months
9 months
10 months
11 months
12 molls
1-2 years
2-3 years
More than 3 years
Total
41
4.
6
6
2
0
3
0
2
0
5
2
3
42
Pere"
9.5%
9.5%
9.5%
14.3%
14.3%
4.8%
O.0%
7.1%
0.0%
0.0%
4.8%
0.0%
2.4%
11.9%
4.8%
7.1%
100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 103
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6/20/2011-U011
COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2iu�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
11. Immediately before you became homeless this last time, were you:
If
Living with relatives
ds
Living in a home owned by
In a h i
Living in subsidized housing
In jallorprison
In a treatment program
In foster care
Other
Total
41
31.7%
2.4%
2
0.0%
0.0%
or.0%
2.4%
100.0%
12. What do you think are the primary events or conditions that led to your homelessness?
RespoW
Lost job
Conflict with family/housemate
Alcohol one
Lost income
Fanallyf ftmsfic violence
Landlord raised rent
Mental tealth issues
Aging out of foster care
Divorce or separated
Landlord sold or stopped renting
Hospit Ojeek
Lost home through foreclosure
For being gay, a ordgender
Illness or medical problem
Incarceration
Other natural disaster/ fire/flood
Lost intent safts
Don't know
Other
Multiple response question with 39 respondents offering 67 responses.
13
0
1
5s4%
17.9%
15
15.4%
10:3%
7.7%
5.'1%
5.1%
51.1%
5.1%
2.8%
2.6%
2:5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
5.1%
15.4%
104 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2ju�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
13. Where were you living at the time you most recently became homeless?
Response Fr
San Benito County 33 78.6%
Other county in California 7 16.7%
Out of State 2 4.8%
Total 42 100.0%
13a. How long had you lived in San Benito County before becoming homeless?
Re
7 d t>r
8- 30 days
1-3 rrwAhs
4 6 months
7-11'
1 2 years
3-5y�
6 10 years
11'
0
2
0
9
7
1
11 3.0%
0.0%
6.1%
6.1%
0.0%
27.3%
21.2%
3.0%
33.3%
Total 33 100.0%
13b. What was the primary reason you came to San Benito C ounty?
Forajo 4Z9%
My family and/or friends are here 2 28.6%
1 14.3%
To access homeless services 14.3%
I was #aveNr4wd,
0
0.0%
I visited and decided to stay 0 0.0%
Iwas 0.0%
I am just passing through 0 0.0%
W e 0 0.0%
Other 0 0.0%
Total 7 100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 105
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2ku�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
14. What is keeping you from getting permanent housing?
R se
No it rme
Can't afford rent
No ro r cosh
No housing availability
Bad credit
No transportation
Criminal
They will not accept my pet
Eviction record
Don't want to
Other
vluitrple response question with 40 respondents offering 90 responses.
15. Are you currently employed?
ReV
No, unemployed
Yes, part time
Yes, full time 33
5
2
Total 40
15a. How long have you been unemployed?
6 months or less
6 months to 1 year
1 year or longer 13
3
13
Total 29
7AMII
52.5%
4O%
20.0%
15.0%
7.5%
S
2.5%
0.0%
82.5%
12.5%
5.0%
100.0%
44.8%
10.3%
44.8%
100.0%
106 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2lu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
15b. What is keeping you from getting employment?
Res se
No jobs
No transportation
No perinarot'address
Need education
Criminal record
Need training
Alcoh
No child care
Neerc
No phone
Health probbw,
No tools for trade
Mental health issues
No showerfaeftw
Disabled
Nom F
Don't want to work
No pWb idern
Retired
Perm*
54.8%
32.3%
25.8%
19.4%
12.9%
9.7%
9j%
9.7%
6.5%
6.5%
6.5%
6.5%
6.5%
6.5%
3.2%
3.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
97%
Multiple response question with 31 respondents offering 72 responses.
16. What are your other sources of income?
R"p e
i
Recycling
Family/friends
P
Child support
Selling o4tw4efindIletift
Pension
SeftV i
Sex work
r
44,4%-
11.1%
11.11%
3.7%
3.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
51.9%
Multiple response question with 27 respondents offering 34 responses.
Applied Survey Research, 2011 107
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2mu�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
17. Are you currently using any of the following services/ assistance?
Res
P M-0
Eme ncy s
Food pantry
17
43.6%
F meals 13 MA,
Job training 6 15.4%
Bus pies
Health services
5
12.8%
Me servim 4
Shelter day services 3 7.7%
Aicotrolt w 519da;
Transitional housing 1 2.6%
Not using anyserv s 1 6%
Legal assistance 0 0.0%
Comer
440irpie response question with 39 respondents offering 89 responses
18. Are you currently receiving any of the following forms of government assistance?
Respom
a.
Food Stamps
Medi-Cal/Medi-Care
Cash AkYC 4RKS
WIC
General Relief
SSI Supplemental Security Income)/SSDI
other WvwmenWassisitance
Veteran's Benefits
VA i ilty Compensation
Social Security
I am not curtly receiving t s
iVultiple response question with 39 respondents offering 83 responses.
59.0%
17.9%
7.7%
5.1
0.0%
to o
0.0%
108 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2nu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
19. If you are not receiving any government assistance, why not?
Response
Don t tbk*fm.,. e4voie
Never applied
Benefits were teat off
I have applied for one or more of these services,
and I am currently waiting for approval
Turned dcw n
Have no ID
Noma
Don't know where to go
Pa*
No transportation
They e not my pet
Don't need government assistance
Irnrn
I am afraid my children will be taken away from me
26.7%
20.0%
13.3%
13.3%
13.3%
6.7%
6.7%
6.7%
6.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
O
0.0%
20.0%
Multiple response question with 15 respondents offering 20 responses.
20. What is your total monthly income from all Government benefits? County, State, Federal monies)
If,
Zero 2675%
$1-$150 4 11.8%
$151- 6 17.6%
$251-$500 4 11.8%
$501- 11 32.4%
$1001 $1500 0 0.0%
$1501- $20010 0 0.0%
Over $2000 0 0.0%
Total 34 100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 109
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2ou�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County) 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
21. What is your total monthly income from all non-Government sources? Job, panhandling, recycling,
etc.)
Zero
$1-$150
$151-$250
$251-$500
$50141,000
$1,001 $1,500
$1,501 $2,000
Over $2,000
Total
22. Do you have a pet?
Req
Yes
No
tr
13
3
0
0
37
4
38
9.5%
90.5%
100.0%
Total
22a. Do they prevent you from receiving housing?
Ral
Yes
No
42
0
4
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Total
23. Do you have a working cell phone?
R
Yes
No
Total
24
13
37
64.9%
35.1%
100.0%
24. How often do you use the internet?
Resi
At least a week
At least once a month
SOMOM
Never
Total
19
6
5
8
38
50.0%
15.8%
19.2%
21.1%
100.0%
110 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2pu�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
25. Since becoming homeless have you needed medical care and been unable to receive it?
R
Yes
No 18
19
Total 37
26. Do you currently need any of these services?
Response
medic*cw
Dental Care
Eyed
Substance Abuse Treatment
Pemew
48.6%
51.4%
100.0%
44.4%
77.8%
91.9%
11.1%
29;8%
Multiple response question with 27 respondents offering 58 responses.
27. How many times in the last 12 months have you used the emergency room for any treatment?
R
Never
1 time
2 Vnw~
3 times
411r
5 times
Mwe*wfois
Total
42
59.5%
19.0%
9.5%
4.8%
4.8%
0.0%
2.6
100.0%
28. Do you or have you received mental health services or medication for your mental health in the past
12 months?
Re
Yes
No 8
32 20.0%
80.0%
Total 40 100.0%
28a. Do you have trouble accessing those services?
RE
Yes 2 25.0%
No 6 75.0%
Total 8 100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 111
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2qu�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
28b. Have you been hospitalized for emotional problems in the past 12 months?
R
Yes
No
1
7
12.5%
87.5%
100.0%
Total
29. Were you ever in foster care?
8
Yes 9
No 31
Total 40
30. Are you currently experiencing any of th e following:
30a. PhysW,dbAft, 12 %
30b. Mental illness 5.3%
2
30c. Depmssion 27.
30d. Alcohol/drug abuse 12.8%
5
3�
e
30f. Chronic health problems 7.5%
3
30g. AKWMV l
4x'.
30h. Tuberculosis 0.0%
30i. H"Me C 0
30j. PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) 10.3%
4
30k. Dm 1 a1 7.5%
22.5%
77.5%
100.0%
35
94.7%
36
72;x%
87.2%
34
92.5%
37
100.0%
40
40
89.7%
35
92.5%
37
112 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2ru�2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
30a. Does it prevent you from getting work or housing?
a. Physical. t
2
b. Mental illness 100.0%
2
c. Dew
d. Alcohol/drug abuse
f. Chronic health problems
h. Tuberculosis
j. PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
S
60.0%
3
0
0.0%
0
04%
0
0.0%
0
0
50.0%
2
60j0%
3
0.0%
0
50 O%
5
40.0%
2
0.0%
0
100.0%
3
0
0.0%
0
0.
0
50.0%
2
33 36
31. How many nights, if any, have you spent in jail or prison during the last 12 months?
0i 13'2.5%
1 5 nights 5 12.5%
n4W 0 0.0%
11 20 nights 1 2.5%
21-5(1. to
1
2.5%
More than 50 nights 0 0.0%
Total 40 100.0%
Applied Survey Research, 2011 113
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2su�Appendix V: Overall Survey Results San Benito County)
32. Are you currently on probation or parole? 2011 Mon terey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
R
Yes 5 12.8%
No 34 87.2%
Total 39 100.0%
33. Were you on probation or parole at the time you most recently became homeless?
Res
Yes
No 5
34 12.8%
87.2%
Total 39 100.0%
34. How many tickets have your received for parking violations, loitering, trespassing or camping in the
past 12 months?
L177 71-1
Never
1 ticket
2 tickets
3 tickets
4 tickets
5 tickets
More than 5:tidkets
Total
0
42
114 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2tu�Appendix VI: Definitions and Abbreviations 2011 Monterey & San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Chronic homelessness is defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs as an
unaccompanied homeless individual or family with a disabling condition who has either been
continuously homeless for a year or more, or has had at least four episodes of homelessness in the past
three years."
Disabling condition, for the purposes of this study, is defined as a physical disability, mental illness,
depression, alcohol or drug abuse, chronic health problems, HIV/AIDS, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD), or developmental disability.
Emergency shelter is the provision of a safe alternative to the streets, either in a shelter facility, or
through the use of motel vouchers. Emergency shelter is short-term, usually for 30 days or less. Domestic
violence shelters are typically considered a type of emergency shelter, as they provide safe, immediate
housing for victims and their children.
Family is defined by HUD as either an adult couple or a single adult with one or more minor children
present.
Homeless persons, according to the Stewart B. McKinney Act of 1987, are people who lack a fixed,
regular, and adequate nighttime residence, and have a primary nighttime residence that is either a public
or private shelter, an institution that provides temporary residence for individuals intended to be
institutionalized, or a public or private location that is not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular
sleeping accommodation for human beings.
HUD United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Sheltered homeless individuals are those homeless individuals who are living in emergency shelters or
transitional housing programs.
Single individual refers to an unaccompanied adult or youth.
Transitional housing facilitates the movement of homeless individuals and families to permanent
housing. It is housing in which homeless individuals may live up to 24 months and receive supportive
services that enable them to live more independently. Supportive services which help promote
residential stability, increased skill level or income, and greater self-determination may be provided by
the organization managing the housing, or coordinated by that organization and provided by other public
or private agencies. Transitional housing can be provided in one structure or several structures at one site,
or in multiple structures at scattered sites.
Unsheltered homeless persons are those homeless persons who are living on the streets, in abandoned
buildings, storage structures, vehicles, encampments, or any other place unfit for human habitation.
115 Applied Survey Research, 2011
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COMPLETED BOARD ORDER"�|E2uu� NOTEXTPAGE
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SIGNED BOARD REPORT"�|E��MONTEREY COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
MEETING: June 28,2011 SCHEDULED AGENDA NO: $- a
SUBJECT: Receive the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census
and Survey Comprehensive Report
DEPARTMENT: Social and Employment Services
RECOMMENDATION:
It is recommended that the Board of Supervisors:
Receive the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey
Comprehensive Report.
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION:
Every two years in January, communities across the country conduct comprehensive counts of
their homeless populations in order to gain a better understanding of the service needs of that
population. The homeless census is a requirement to apply for federal funding for homeless
services through the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Grant from the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development HUD). The homeless census report is a necessary component
for Monterey County to receive approximately $1.6M in federal HUD Continuum of Care CoC)
funding that supports county non-profit shelter and homeless service providers. The 2011
Monterey and San Benito Counties Point-in-Time Counts were a community-wide effort
conducted on January 26, 2011. The results of those homeless counts are enumerated in the
2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Comprehensive Report.
San Benito County joined the Salinas/Monterey County CoC so that it may apply for its Pro
Rata" share of HUD McKinney-Vento funding for the first time. The State established a number
of incentives to encourage CoCs to merge with counties that are not currently part of a CoC, one
of which is the potential to receive additional points on their HUD application for homeless
funds.
In Monterey County, the census identified 1,837 individuals that were unsheltered living on the
streets or in vehicles, abandoned buildings, encampments) and 670 individuals that were
sheltered living in emergency shelters or transitional housing, using motel vouchers) for a total
street count of 2,507 homeless individuals. The total number of homeless individuals increased
4% between the 2009 and 2011 census counts which constitutes about 1% of Monterey County's
population.
In addition to the county-wide homeless census, an in-depth 34 question survey was
administered in the weeks following the street count to 553 sheltered and unsheltered homeless
individuals in Monterey County, and 41 sheltered and unsheltered homeless individuals in San
Benito County. In 2011, Monterey County increased its efforts to include unaccompanied
children children under the age of 18 who are homeless and living independent of a parent or
legal guardian) and homeless youth individuals between the ages of 18 and 24 years old); 51
unaccompanied homeless children and youth answered the survey.
While the number of homeless persons in Monterey County has increased over the past two
years, homeless services providers strongly believe that the Homeless Prevention and Rapid Re-
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SIGNED BOARD REPORT"�|E��Housing Program HPRP) has been effectively keeping many individuals and families from
becoming homeless and assisted homeless persons in obtaining stable housing. As of March 31,
2011, 1,895 households have been assisted through the HPRP Program in Monterey County.
The 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Comprehensive
Report was prepared by Applied Survey Research and coordinated by the Coalition of Homeless
Services Providers. The Report was funded by United Way Monterey County, the Monterey
County Department of Social and Employment Services and Department of Health, Behavioral
Health Division, and San Benito County. The Report was also supported by many local
nonprofits who provide services to homeless individuals and families. The Homeless Census
Count was conducted by community volunteers; guidance to areas where homeless lived or
congregated was provided by homeless or formerly homeless individuals who received a small
stipend for their efforts.
OTHER AGENCY INVOLVEMENT:
The 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Comprehensive
Report was prepared by Applied Survey Research and coordinated by the Coalition of Homeless
Services Providers.
FINANCING:
The Report was funded by United Way Monterey County, the Monterey County Department of
Social and Employment Services and Department of Health, Behavioral Health Division, and
San Benito County. 4 ere is no impact to the County General Fund.
Elliott Robinson, Director
Department of Social & Employment Services
Date:
ly'a' ry%' frh-rt. pia
Preparedyy: Marga lta ZarrQa
Community Affiliation Manager
ext: 8492
Date: /'7
Attachment: A copy of the 2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties Homeless Census and Survey Comprehensive
Report is on file with the Clerk of the Board.
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��2011 Monterey and San Benito Counties
HOMELESS
CENSUS & SURVEY
January 26, 2011 Point-in-Time
Coalition of Homeless Services Providers
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��A CHANGING CONTINUUM OF
CARE
2011 was the first year Monterey County and
San Benito County conducted their Point-in-
Time Counts simultaneously.
The newly combined Continuums of Care
worked collectively to conduct a
comprehensive count of unsheltered and
sheltered homeless persons residing in each
county.
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��PROJECT PURPOSE AND GOALS
Preserve current federal funding for homeless services
Improve the ability of policy makers and service
providers to plan and implement services
Measure changes in the numbers and characteristics of
the homeless population
Increase public awareness of homeless issues
Assess the current status of diverse homeless
populations
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PPT���|�T��"�|E�� 2,507 homeless persons
4% increase in homelessness since 2009 2407
persons)
73% 1837) unsheltered, living on the street, in
encampments or in makeshift shelters
Unsheltered homeless increased 13% since 2009
1628 persons)
27% 670) sheltered individuals and families
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��COUNTY AND SELECT JURISDICTIONAL DATA
1. 111 a
ten mow.
P cific rove
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fur..
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PPT���|�T��"�|E�� NOTEXTPAGE
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��SURVEY POPULATION: DEMOGRAPHICS
43% homeless for the first time 39% in 2009)
53% homeless more than 1 year
27% homeless less than 6 months
37% Hispanic/Latino in 2011 29% in 2009)
61 % percent male, 3 8 % female
72% living in the county when most recently became
homeless, compared to 78% in 2009)
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��SURVEY POPULATION: SUBPOPULATIONS
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PPT���|�T��"�|E� �UNACCOMPANIED CHILDREN
A special youth survey piloted in 2011 was
administered to over 50 youth under the age of 25)
Youth represented 4% of the total homeless population in
2011
97 of those youth were under the age of 18
26% reported drugs/alcohol abuse as a cause of homelessness
31 % reported family argument lead to homelessness
27% experienced physical abuse prior to homelessness
6% experienced sexual abuse prior to homelessness
24% experienced emotional abuse prior to homelessness
9
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PPT���|�T��"�|E�
�ACCESSING SERVICES
40% not receiving any government assistance
50% of those receiving assistance access Food Stamps
44% have used emergency room at least once in the past
year
74% use local homeless services:
47% receive free meals
7% use health services
12% use shelter day services
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PPT���|�T��"�|E�
�FACES OF HOMELESSNESS
Homeless Veteran
Homeless Youth
11
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PPT���|�T��"�|E�
�NEW SINCE 2009
Shelter Outreach Plus
March 2011: Rehabilitated Lexington Ct, Marina, creating 6 units
12 beds for homeless mentally ill in partnership with Interim, Inc.
Men in Transition project relocated to Lexington Ct, creating 12
additional transitional beds for single men.
Interim, Inc.
June 2010: Sunflower Gardens opened serving mentally-ill
homeless adults, creating 2 transitional and 21 permanent
supportive housing units in Salinas
November 2010: Approved federal funding for McHope, creating 7
permanent supportive master-leased units
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PPT���|�T��"�|E�
�NEW SINCE 2009
Franciscan Workers
May 2011: House of Peace 13 bed Permanent
Supportive Housing in Salinas
HUD-VASH
January 2010: 85 housing vouchers made available to
homeless veterans- Approved for an additional 25
13
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE BOARD
Continue funding for existing services Strengthen CoC
eligibility to attract resources
Support goals and objectives of Unified l0yr Plan Addressing
Homelessness
Support application/implementation of SOAR SSI/SSDI
Outreach Access & Recovery) technical assistance initiative in
Monterey County
Expand customized approaches to homelessness
i.e. Project Homeless Connect)
Support development of Inclement Weather Facility
Address discharge planning and reentry services
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PPT���|�T��"�|E��THANK YOU
The Coalition would life to thank all of the
service providers, and community volunteers
who contributed their time and energy to a
successful count.
Special thanks to Monterey County DSES,
Behavioral Health and United Way Monterey
County for continuing to fund this project.
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PPT���|�T��"�|E�� NOTEXTPAGE
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